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Generative AI agents, software systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs), are emerging as a promising approach to automate cybersecurity tasks. Among the others, penetration testing is a challenging field due to the task complexity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Luca Gioacchini , Marco Mellia , Idilio Drago , Alexander Delsanto , Giuseppe Siracusano , Roberto Bifulco

The emergence of agent-to-agent communication protocols mirrors the early internet: powerful connectivity with minimal security infrastructure. When AI agents communicate on behalf of users, every message crosses a trust boundary where the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Sahar Abdelnabi , Amr Gomaa , Eugene Bagdasarian , Per Ola Kristensson , Reza Shokri

As LLM-based agents operate over sequential multi-step reasoning, hallucinations arising at intermediate steps risk propagating along the trajectory, thus degrading overall reliability. Unlike hallucination detection in single-turn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Xuannan Liu , Xiao Yang , Zekun Li , Peipei Li , Ran He

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed software development, enabling AI-powered applications known as LLM-based agents that promise to automate tasks across diverse apps and workflows. Yet, the security implications of deploying…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Chenghao Du , Quanfeng Huang , Tingxuan Tang , Zihao Wang , Adwait Nadkarni , Yue Xiao

Language agents increasingly act as web-enabled systems that search, browse, and synthesize information from diverse sources. However, these sources can include unreliable or adversarial content, and the robustness of agents to adversarial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Shrey Shah , Levent Ozgur

Open-source AI libraries are foundational to modern AI systems, yet they present significant, underexamined risks spanning security, licensing, maintenance, supply chain integrity, and regulatory compliance. We introduce LibVulnWatch, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Zekun Wu , Seonglae Cho , Umar Mohammed , Cristian Munoz , Kleyton Costa , Xin Guan , Theo King , Ze Wang , Emre Kazim , Adriano Koshiyama

Autonomous agents have recently achieved remarkable progress across diverse domains, yet most evaluations focus on short-horizon, fully observable tasks. In contrast, many critical real-world tasks, such as large-scale software development,…

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly used to automate complex workflows, but integrating untrusted external data with privileged execution exposes them to severe security risks, particularly direct and indirect prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zonghao Ying , Haozheng Wang , Jiangfan Liu , Quanchen Zou , Aishan Liu , Jian Yang , Yaodong Yang , Xianglong Liu

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) presents new opportunities for automated software vulnerability detection, a crucial task in securing modern codebases. This paper presents a comparative study on the effectiveness of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Md Hasan Saju , Maher Muhtadi , Akramul Azim

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly leveraged to empower autonomous agents to simulate human beings in various fields of behavioral research. However, evaluating their capacity to navigate complex social interactions remains a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Xinyi Mou , Jingcong Liang , Jiayu Lin , Xinnong Zhang , Xiawei Liu , Shiyue Yang , Rong Ye , Lei Chen , Haoyu Kuang , Xuanjing Huang , Zhongyu Wei

We introduce the Cyber Defense Benchmark, a benchmark for measuring how well large language model (LLM) agents perform the core SOC analyst task of threat hunting: given a database of raw Windows event logs with no guided questions or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Alankrit Chona , Igor Kozlov , Ambuj Kumar

Phishing detection is a critical cybersecurity task that involves the identification and neutralization of fraudulent attempts to obtain sensitive information, thereby safeguarding individuals and organizations from data breaches and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Huilin Wang , Bryan Hooi

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong potential as agents for tool invocation due to their advanced comprehension and planning capabilities. Users increasingly rely on LLM-based agents to solve complex missions through iterative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Peijie Yu , Yifan Yang , Jinjian Li , Zelong Zhang , Haorui Wang , Xiao Feng , Feng Zhang

We introduce HackSynth, a novel Large Language Model (LLM)-based agent capable of autonomous penetration testing. HackSynth's dual-module architecture includes a Planner and a Summarizer, which enable it to generate commands and process…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Lajos Muzsai , David Imolai , András Lukács

Agentic systems are becoming more capable: agents define strategies, take actions, and interact with different environments. This autonomy poses serious challenges for overseeing and assessing agent behavior. Most current tools are limited,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Asaf Yehudai , Lilach Eden , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer

Multi-agent LLM frameworks are widely used to accelerate the development of agent systems powered by large language models (LLMs). These frameworks impose distinct architectural structures that govern how agents interact, store information,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Abdelghny Orogat , Ana Rostam , Essam Mansour

LLM web agents now browse and take actions on the open web, yet current agent evaluations are constrained to sandboxed environments or artificial tasks. We introduce BrowserArena, a live open-web agent evaluation platform that collects…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Sagnik Anupam , Davis Brown , Shuo Li , Eric Wong , Hamed Hassani , Osbert Bastani

Coding agents represent a new paradigm in automated software engineering, combining the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) with tool-augmented interaction loops. However, coding agents still have severe limitations.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Tural Mehtiyev , Wesley Assunção

Large Language Model (LLM) agents offer a powerful new paradigm for solving various problems by combining natural language reasoning with the execution of external tools. However, their dynamic and non-transparent behavior introduces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Peiran Wang , Yang Liu , Yunfei Lu , Yifeng Cai , Hongbo Chen , Qingyou Yang , Jie Zhang , Jue Hong , Ye Wu

An agentic-AI runtime issues tool calls, sends messages, and actuates devices on behalf of an LLM. Catching the four ways an action can diverge from its audit record -- F1 gate-bypass, F2 audit-forgery, silent host failure, F4 wrong-target,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Alfredo Metere
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