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We introduce sliced ReLU attention, a new attention mechanism that departs structurally from both softmax and its approximation alternatives. Instead of applying a nonlinearity to pairwise dot products, we operate on one-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 François-Xavier Vialard , Siwan Boufadène

The softmax function is crucial in Transformer attention, which normalizes each row of the attention scores with summation to one, achieving superior performances over other alternative functions. However, the softmax function can face a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Chuanyang Zheng , Yihang Gao , Guoxuan Chen , Han Shi , Jing Xiong , Xiaozhe Ren , Chao Huang , Xin Jiang , Zhenguo Li , Yu Li

The attention mechanism of a transformer has a quadratic complexity, leading to high inference costs and latency for long sequences. However, attention matrices are mostly sparse, which implies that many entries may be omitted from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jeffrey Willette , Heejun Lee , Sung Ju Hwang

The Transformer architecture is widely deployed in many popular and impactful Large Language Models. At its core is the attention mechanism for calculating correlations between pairs of tokens. Performing an attention computation takes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Josh Alman , Hantao Yu

Previous research observed accuracy degradation when replacing the attention softmax with a point-wise activation such as ReLU. In the context of vision transformers, we find that this degradation is mitigated when dividing by sequence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Mitchell Wortsman , Jaehoon Lee , Justin Gilmer , Simon Kornblith

While the Transformer architecture has achieved remarkable success across various domains, a thorough theoretical foundation explaining its optimization dynamics is yet to be fully developed. In this study, we aim to bridge this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Bingqing Song , Boran Han , Shuai Zhang , Jie Ding , Mingyi Hong

Attention is a key part of the transformer architecture. It is a sequence-to-sequence mapping that transforms each sequence element into a weighted sum of values. The weights are typically obtained as the softmax of dot products between…

In this paper, we introduce \texttt{IAFormer}, a novel Transformer-based architecture that efficiently integrates pairwise particle interactions through a dynamic sparse attention mechanism. \texttt{IAFormer} has two new mechanisms within…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-21 W. Esmail , A. Hammad , M. Nojiri

Efficient CUDA implementations of attention mechanisms are critical to modern deep learning systems, yet supporting diverse and evolving attention variants remains challenging. Existing frameworks and compilers trade performance for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Xing Ma , Yangjie Zhou , Wu Sun , Zihan Liu , Jingwen Leng , Yun Lin , Shixuan Sun , Minyi Guo , Jin Song Dong

The Transformer-based model have made significant strides in semantic matching tasks by capturing connections between phrase pairs. However, to assess the relevance of sentence pairs, it is insufficient to just examine the general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Bo Li , Di Liang , Zixin Zhang

Attention architectures are widely used; they recently gained renewed popularity with Transformers yielding a streak of state of the art results. Yet, the geometrical implications of softmax-attention remain largely unexplored. In this work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Oliver Richter , Roger Wattenhofer

In this work we consider a generalized bilevel optimization framework for solving inverse problems. We introduce fractional Laplacian as a regularizer to improve the reconstruction quality, and compare it with the total variation…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-24 Harbir Antil , Zichao Di , Ratna Khatri

Transformers' quadratic complexity with respect to the input sequence length has motivated a body of work on efficient sparse approximations to softmax. An alternative path, used by entmax transformers, consists of having built-in exact…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Marcos Treviso , António Góis , Patrick Fernandes , Erick Fonseca , André F. T. Martins

The quadratic complexity of standard self-attention severely limits the application of Transformer-based models to long-context tasks. While efficient Transformer variants exist, they often require architectural changes and costly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Jiangshu Du , Wenpeng Yin , Philip Yu

From natural language processing to vision, Scaled Dot Product Attention (SDPA) is the backbone of most modern deep learning applications. Unfortunately, its memory and computational requirements can be prohibitive in low-resource settings.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Peyman Hosseini , Mehran Hosseini , Ignacio Castro , Matthew Purver

As the performance gains from accelerating quantized matrix multiplication plateau, the softmax operation becomes the critical bottleneck in Transformer inference. This bottleneck stems from two hardware limitations: (1) limited data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zisheng Ye , Xiaoyu He , Maoyuan Song , Guoliang Qiu , Chao Liao , Chen Wu , Yonggang Sun , Zhichun Li , Xiaoru Xie , Yuanyong Luo , Hu Liu , Pinyan Lu , Heng Liao

Scaling language models to handle longer contexts introduces substantial memory challenges due to the growing cost of key-value (KV) caches. Motivated by the efficiency gains of hybrid models and the broad availability of pretrained large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xuan Zhang , Fengzhuo Zhang , Cunxiao Du , Chao Du , Tianyu Pang , Wei Gao , Min Lin

Recent applications of kernel methods in machine learning have seen a renewed interest in the Laplacian kernel, due to its stability to the bandwidth hyperparameter in comparison to the Gaussian kernel, as well as its expressivity being…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-24 Sudhendu Ahir , Parthe Pandit

Transformers have demonstrated remarkable performance in skeleton-based human action recognition, yet their quadratic computational complexity remains a bottleneck for real-world applications. To mitigate this, linear attention mechanisms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yue Li , Haoxuan Qu , Mengyuan Liu , Jun Liu , Yujun Cai

Surface reconstruction from raw point clouds has been studied for decades in the computer graphics community, which is highly demanded by modeling and rendering applications nowadays. Classic solutions, such as Poisson surface…

Graphics · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Hui Tian , Zheng Qin , Renjiao Yi , Chenyang Zhu , Kai Xu