English

Sliced ReLU attention: Quasi-linear contextual expressivity via sorting

Machine Learning 2026-02-05 v2

Abstract

We introduce sliced ReLU attention, a new attention mechanism that departs structurally from both softmax and its approximation alternatives. Instead of applying a nonlinearity to pairwise dot products, we operate on one-dimensional projections of key--query differences and leverage sorting to obtain quasi-linear complexity. This construction yields a differentiable, non-symmetric kernel that can be computed in O(n log(n)) through a sorting procedure, making it suitable for very long contexts. Beyond computational benefits, the model retains strong theoretical expressive power: we establish two in-context expressivity results, previously known for softmax attention, showing that sliced ReLU attention preserves the ability to perform nontrivial sequence-to-sequence disentangling tasks and satisfies a contextual universal approximation property. Finally, we illustrate the potential practical interest of this kernel in small to medium-scale experiments.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2512.11411,
  title  = {Sliced ReLU attention: Quasi-linear contextual expressivity via sorting},
  author = {François-Xavier Vialard and Siwan Boufadène},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.11411},
  year   = {2026}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T08:22:00.257Z