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As LLM-based agents are increasingly used in long-term interactions, cumulative memory is critical for enabling personalization and maintaining stylistic consistency. However, most existing systems adopt an ``all-or-nothing'' approach to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Muzhao Tian , Zisu Huang , Xiaohua Wang , Jingwen Xu , Zhengkang Guo , Qi Qian , Yuanzhe Shen , Kaitao Song , Jiakang Yuan , Changze Lv , Xiaoqing Zheng

Memory-augmented Large Language Models (LLMs) are essential for developing capable, long-term AI agents. Recently, applying Reinforcement Learning (RL) to optimize memory operations, such as extraction, updating, and retrieval, has emerged…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Ziliang Guo , Ziheng Li , Bo Tang , Feiyu Xiong , Zhiyu Li

Memory plays a foundational role in augmenting the reasoning, adaptability, and contextual fidelity of modern Large Language Models and Multi-Modal LLMs. As these models transition from static predictors to interactive systems capable of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Zixia Jia , Jiaqi Li , Yipeng Kang , Yuxuan Wang , Tong Wu , Quansen Wang , Xiaobo Wang , Shuyi Zhang , Junzhe Shen , Qing Li , Siyuan Qi , Yitao Liang , Di He , Zilong Zheng , Song-Chun Zhu

Agent-assisted memory recall is one critical research problem in the field of human-computer interaction. In conventional methods, the agent can retrieve information from its equipped memory module to help the person recall incomplete or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Qian Zhao , Zhuo Sun , Bin Guo , Zhiwen Yu

Large Language Model (LLM) agents use memory to learn from past interactions, enabling autonomous planning and decision-making in complex environments. However, this reliance on memory introduces a critical security risk: an adversary can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Qianshan Wei , Tengchao Yang , Yaochen Wang , Xinfeng Li , Lijun Li , Zhenfei Yin , Yi Zhan , Thorsten Holz , Zhiqiang Lin , XiaoFeng Wang

Recent works have highlighted the significance of memory mechanisms in LLM-based agents, which enable them to store observed information and adapt to dynamic environments. However, evaluating their memory capabilities still remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Haoran Tan , Zeyu Zhang , Chen Ma , Xu Chen , Quanyu Dai , Zhenhua Dong

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant advances in the field of natural language processing, but they still face challenges such as continuous decision-making, lack of long-term memory, and limited context windows in dynamic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Xuechen Liang , Meiling Tao , Yinghui Xia , Jianhui Wang , Kun Li , Yijin Wang , Jingsong Yang , Tianyu Shi , Yuantao Wang , Miao Zhang , Xueqian Wang

Memory emerges as the core module in the large language model (LLM)-based agents for long-horizon complex tasks (e.g., multi-turn dialogue, game playing, scientific discovery), where memory can enable knowledge accumulation, iterative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yanchen Wu , Tenghui Lin , Yingli Zhou , Fangyuan Zhang , Qintian Guo , Xun Zhou , Sibo Wang , Xilin Liu , Yuchi Ma , Yixiang Fang

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents have fundamentally reshaped artificial intelligence by integrating external tools and planning capabilities. While memory mechanisms have emerged as the architectural cornerstone of these systems,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jinghao Luo , Yuchen Tian , Chuxue Cao , Ziyang Luo , Hongzhan Lin , Kaixin Li , Chuyi Kong , Ruichao Yang , Jing Ma

The growing use of large language models in sensitive domains has exposed a critical weakness: the inability to ensure that private information can be permanently forgotten. Yet these systems still lack reliable mechanisms to guarantee that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 James Jin Kang , Dang Bui , Thanh Pham , Huo-Chong Ling

The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have primarily focused on the process of learning from data to acquire knowledgeable learning systems. As these systems are increasingly deployed in critical areas, ensuring their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Wei Qian , Chenxu Zhao , Yangyi Li , Mengdi Huai

LLM-based agents increasingly rely on long-term memory to support multi-session reasoning and interaction, yet current systems provide little control over what information is retained. In practice, agents either accumulate large volumes of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Guilin Zhang , Wei Jiang , Xiejiashan Wang , Aisha Behr , Kai Zhao , Jeffrey Friedman , Xu Chu , Amine Anoun

The objective of digital forgetting is, given a model with undesirable knowledge or behavior, obtain a new model where the detected issues are no longer present. The motivations for forgetting include privacy protection, copyright…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Alberto Blanco-Justicia , Najeeb Jebreel , Benet Manzanares , David Sánchez , Josep Domingo-Ferrer , Guillem Collell , Kuan Eeik Tan

Large Language Models (LLMs) based agents excel at diverse tasks, yet they suffer from brittle procedural memory that is manually engineered or entangled in static parameters. In this work, we investigate strategies to endow agents with a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Runnan Fang , Yuan Liang , Xiaobin Wang , Jialong Wu , Shuofei Qiao , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have empowered AI agents with advanced capabilities for understanding, reasoning, and interacting across diverse tasks. The addition of memory further enhances them by enabling continuity across interactions,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Himanshu Gharat , Himanshi Agrawal , Gourab K. Patro

Most Large Language Model (LLM) agent memory systems rely on a small set of static, hand-designed operations for extracting memory. These fixed procedures hard-code human priors about what to store and how to revise memory, making them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Haozhen Zhang , Quanyu Long , Jianzhu Bao , Tao Feng , Weizhi Zhang , Haodong Yue , Wenya Wang

Recent benchmarks for Large Language Model (LLM) agents mainly evaluate reasoning, planning, and execution. However, memory is also essential for agents, as it enables them to store, update, and retrieve information over time. This ability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yuyao Wang , Zhongjian Zhang , Mo Chi , Kaichi Yu , Yuhan Li , Miao Peng , Bing Tong , Chen Zhang , Yan Zhou , Jia Li

Long-horizon conversational agents require persistent memory for coherent reasoning, yet uncontrolled accumulation causes temporal decay and false memory propagation. Benchmarks such as LOCOMO and LOCCO report performance degradation from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Payal Fofadiya , Sunil Tiwari

Forgetting is often seen as an unwanted characteristic in both human and machine learning. However, we propose that forgetting can in fact be favorable to learning. We introduce "forget-and-relearn" as a powerful paradigm for shaping the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Hattie Zhou , Ankit Vani , Hugo Larochelle , Aaron Courville

Embodied task planning requires agents to execute long-horizon, goal-directed actions in complex 3D environments, where success depends on both immediate perception and accumulated experience across tasks. However, most existing LLM-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiaoyu Ma , Lianyu Hu , Wenbing Tang , Zixuan Hu , Zeqin Liao , Zhizhen Wu , Yang Liu