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Vision Language Models (VLMs) encode multimodal inputs over large, complex, and difficult-to-interpret architectures, which limit transparency and trust. We propose a Multimodal Inversion for Model Interpretation and Conceptualization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Animesh Jain , Alexandros Stergiou

Existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) follow the paradigm that perceives visual information by aligning visual features with the input space of Large Language Models (LLMs), and concatenating visual tokens with text tokens to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Feipeng Ma , Hongwei Xue , Guangting Wang , Yizhou Zhou , Fengyun Rao , Shilin Yan , Yueyi Zhang , Siying Wu , Mike Zheng Shou , Xiaoyan Sun

Image editing with natural language has gained significant popularity, yet existing methods struggle with intricate object intersections and fine-grained spatial relationships due to the lack of an explicit reasoning process. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Zhentao Zou , Zhengrong Yue , Kunpeng Du , Binlei Bao , Hanting Li , Haizhen Xie , Guozheng Xu , Yue Zhou , Yali Wang , Jie Hu , Xue Jiang , Xinghao Chen

We introduce spatially grounded contextual image generation, a controllable image generation task that reframes the conditioning paradigm. Instead of supplying a reference image and a global text prompt through two separate encoders, one…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jiayun Wang , Yu Wang , Weijie Gan , Zhenting Wang , Wei Wei

Recently, Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable effectiveness for multi-modal tasks due to their abilities to generate and understand cross-modal data. However, processing long sequences of visual tokens extracted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Haicheng Wang , Zhemeng Yu , Gabriele Spadaro , Chen Ju , Victor Quétu , Shuai Xiao , Enzo Tartaglione

Diffusion models have gained tremendous success in text-to-image generation, yet still lag behind with visual understanding tasks, an area dominated by autoregressive vision-language models. We propose a large-scale and fully end-to-end…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Zijie Li , Henry Li , Yichun Shi , Amir Barati Farimani , Yuval Kluger , Linjie Yang , Peng Wang

In this work, we discuss building performant Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). In particular, we study the importance of various architecture components and data choices. Through careful and comprehensive ablations of the image…

We present a Collaborative Agent-Based Framework for Multi-Image Reasoning. Our approach tackles the challenge of interleaved multimodal reasoning across diverse datasets and task formats by employing a dual-agent system: a language-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Angelos Vlachos , Giorgos Filandrianos , Maria Lymperaiou , Nikolaos Spanos , Ilias Mitsouras , Vasileios Karampinis , Athanasios Voulodimos

We introduce MVControl, a novel neural network architecture that enhances existing pre-trained multi-view 2D diffusion models by incorporating additional input conditions, e.g. edge maps. Our approach enables the generation of controllable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Zhiqi Li , Yiming Chen , Lingzhe Zhao , Peidong Liu

Effective multimodal reasoning depends on the alignment of visual and linguistic representations, yet the mechanisms by which vision-language models (VLMs) achieve this alignment remain poorly understood. Following the LiMBeR framework, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Constantin Venhoff , Ashkan Khakzar , Sonia Joseph , Philip Torr , Neel Nanda

Pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) have shown remarkable generalization capabilities via prompting, which leverages VLMs as knowledge bases to extract information beneficial for downstream tasks. However, existing methods primarily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Xiaoyu Qiu , Hao Feng , Yuechen Wang , Wengang Zhou , Houqiang Li

Multiple modalities often co-occur when describing natural phenomena. Learning a joint representation of these modalities should yield deeper and more useful representations. Previous generative approaches to multi-modal input either do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Mike Wu , Noah Goodman

We present Emu, a Transformer-based multimodal foundation model, which can seamlessly generate images and texts in multimodal context. This omnivore model can take in any single-modality or multimodal data input indiscriminately (e.g.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Quan Sun , Qiying Yu , Yufeng Cui , Fan Zhang , Xiaosong Zhang , Yueze Wang , Hongcheng Gao , Jingjing Liu , Tiejun Huang , Xinlong Wang

Medical image reporting (MIR) aims to generate structured clinical descriptions from radiological images. Existing methods struggle with fine-grained feature extraction, multimodal alignment, and generalization across diverse imaging types,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Amaan Izhar , Nurul Japar , Norisma Idris , Ting Dang

Explainable deep learning models are advantageous in many situations. Prior work mostly provide unimodal explanations through post-hoc approaches not part of the original system design. Explanation mechanisms also ignore useful textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Varun Nagaraj Rao , Xingjian Zhen , Karen Hovsepian , Mingwei Shen

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) demonstrate impressive performance in understanding visual content with language instruction by converting visual inputs to vision tokens. However, redundancy in vision tokens results in the degraded inference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Sixun Dong , Juhua Hu , Mian Zhang , Ming Yin , Yanjie Fu , Qi Qian

While embeddings from multimodal large language models (LLMs) excel as general-purpose representations, their application to dynamic modalities like audio and video remains underexplored. We introduce WAVE (\textbf{u}nified \&…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Changli Tang , Qinfan Xiao , Ke Mei , Tianyi Wang , Fengyun Rao , Chao Zhang

Recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on vision-language understanding tasks, yet their inference efficiency is often hampered by the large number of visual tokens, particularly in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiafei Song , Fengwei Zhou , Jin Qu , Wenjin Jason Li , Tong Wu , Gengjian Xue , Zhikang Zhao , Daomin Wei , Yichao Lu , Bailin Na

In Multimodal Neural Machine Translation (MNMT), a neural model generates a translated sentence that describes an image, given the image itself and one source descriptions in English. This is considered as the multimodal image caption…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-01 Jean-Benoit Delbrouck , Stéphane Dupont , Omar Seddati

While recent advancements in multimodal language models have enabled image generation from expressive multi-image instructions, existing methods struggle to maintain performance under complex interleaved instructions. This limitation stems…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yabo Zhang , Kunchang Li , Dewei Zhou , Xinyu Huang , Xun Wang