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The visual world offers a critical axis for advancing foundation models beyond language. Despite growing interest in this direction, the design space for native multimodal models remains opaque. We provide empirical clarity through…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in multimodal tasks. Despite their impressive performance, MLLMs suffer from the modality imbalance issue, where visual information is often underutilized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Hengzhuang Li , Xinsong Zhang , Qiming Peng , Bin Luo , Han Hu , Dengyang Jiang , Han-Jia Ye , Teng Zhang , Hai Jin

Subject-driven image generation aims to synthesize new images that preserve the identity of the given subject while following textual instructions. Existing approaches often encode text and reference images separately. This limits…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Shuhong Zheng , Aashish Kumar Misraa , Yu-Teng Li , Yu-Jhe Li , Igor Gilitschenski

Vision Language Models (VLMs) offer the exciting possibility of processing text as rendered images, bypassing the need for tokenizing the text into long token sequences. Since VLM image encoders map fixed-size images to a fixed number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Roy Xie , Dan Friedman , Donghan Yu , Bowen Pan , Christopher Fifty , Jang-Hyun Kim , Xianzhi Du , Zhe Gan , Vivek Rathod , Bhuwan Dhingra

LiDAR data pretraining offers a promising approach to leveraging large-scale, readily available datasets for enhanced data utilization. However, existing methods predominantly focus on sparse voxel representation, overlooking the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Xiang Xu , Lingdong Kong , Hui Shuai , Liang Pan , Ziwei Liu , Qingshan Liu

We present MMCOMET, the first multimodal commonsense knowledge graph (MMKG) that integrates physical, social, and eventive knowledge. MMCOMET extends the ATOMIC2020 knowledge graph to include a visual dimension, through an efficient image…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Eileen Wang , Hiba Arnaout , Dhita Pratama , Shuo Yang , Dangyang Liu , Jie Yang , Josiah Poon , Jeff Pan , Caren Han

In complex embodied long-horizon manipulation tasks, effective task decomposition and execution require synergistic integration of textual logical reasoning and visual-spatial imagination to ensure efficient and accurate operation. Current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Xinyan Cai , Shiguang Wu , Dafeng Chi , Yuzheng Zhuang , Xingyue Quan , Jianye Hao , Qiang Guan

Multimodal generative models require a unified approach to handle both discrete data (e.g., text and code) and continuous data (e.g., image, audio, video). In this work, we propose Latent Language Modeling (LatentLM), which seamlessly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Yutao Sun , Hangbo Bao , Wenhui Wang , Zhiliang Peng , Li Dong , Shaohan Huang , Jianyong Wang , Furu Wei

Recent advances in multimodal training have significantly improved the integration of image understanding and generation within a unified model. This study investigates how vision-language models (VLMs) handle image-understanding tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Alessandro Pietro Serra , Francesco Ortu , Emanuele Panizon , Lucrezia Valeriani , Lorenzo Basile , Alessio Ansuini , Diego Doimo , Alberto Cazzaniga

Recent advances in unified multimodal models (UMMs) have enabled impressive progress in visual comprehension and generation. However, existing datasets and benchmarks focus primarily on single-turn interactions, failing to capture the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Wei Chow , Jiachun Pan , Yongyuan Liang , Mingze Zhou , Xue Song , Liyu Jia , Saining Zhang , Siliang Tang , Juncheng Li , Fengda Zhang , Weijia Wu , Hanwang Zhang , Tat-Seng Chua

Image captioning has demonstrated models that are capable of generating plausible text given input images or videos. Further, recent work in image generation has shown significant improvements in image quality when text is used as a prior.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-28 Shagan Sah , Dheeraj Peri , Ameya Shringi , Chi Zhang , Miguel Dominguez , Andreas Savakis , Ray Ptucha

Multi-modal reasoning plays a vital role in bridging the gap between textual and visual information, enabling a deeper understanding of the context. This paper presents the Feature Swapping Multi-modal Reasoning (FSMR) model, designed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Shuang Li , Jiahua Wang , Lijie Wen

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) are pivotal for real-world AI tasks like embodied intelligence due to their strong vision-language reasoning abilities. However, current LVLMs process entire images at the token level, which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Run Luo , Renke Shan , Longze Chen , Ziqiang Liu , Lu Wang , Min Yang , Xiaobo Xia

Existing vision-language methods typically support two languages at a time at most. In this paper, we present a modular approach which can easily be incorporated into existing vision-language methods in order to support many languages. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Donghyun Kim , Kuniaki Saito , Kate Saenko , Stan Sclaroff , Bryan A. Plummer

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have shown promise in advancing healthcare. However, most existing models remain confined to single-image understanding, which greatly limits their applicability in clinical workflows. In practice,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zhen Chen , Yihang Fu , Gabriel Madera , Mauro Giuffre , Serina Applebaum , Hyunjae Kim , Hua Xu , Qingyu Chen

In recent years, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made significant strides by training on vast high-quality image-text datasets, enabling them to generally understand images well. However, the inherent difficulty in explicitly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Yuanze Lin , Yunsheng Li , Dongdong Chen , Weijian Xu , Ronald Clark , Philip Torr , Lu Yuan

Recent studies have adapted generative Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) into embedding extractors for vision tasks, typically through fine-tuning to produce universal representations. However, their performance on video remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Issar Tzachor , Dvir Samuel , Rami Ben-Ari

Building state-of-the-art Vision-Language Models (VLMs) with strong captioning capabilities typically necessitates training on billions of high-quality image-text pairs, requiring millions of GPU hours. This paper introduces the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Tiezheng Zhang , Yitong Li , Yu-cheng Chou , Jieneng Chen , Alan Yuille , Chen Wei , Junfei Xiao

Aligning visual features with language embeddings is a key challenge in vision-language models (VLMs). The performance of such models hinges on having a good connector that maps visual features generated by a vision encoder to a shared…

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have introduced a novel dimension to document understanding, i.e., they endow large language models with visual comprehension capabilities; however, how to design a suitable image-text pre-training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Zining Wang , Tongkun Guan , Pei Fu , Chen Duan , Qianyi Jiang , Zhentao Guo , Shan Guo , Junfeng Luo , Wei Shen , Xiaokang Yang