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Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) requires agents to interpret natural language instructions and act coherently in visually rich environments. However, most existing methods rely on reactive state-action mappings without explicitly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Weiye Zhu , Zekai Zhang , Xiangchen Wang , Hewei Pan , Teng Wang , Tiantian Geng , Rongtao Xu , Feng Zheng

Existing Driving VLAs predict trajectories while largely ignoring their visual tokens -- a phenomenon we trace not to insufficient training but to a structurally ill-posed task formulation. We show that trajectory recovery, when viewed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Junsung Park , Hyunjung Shim

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have enabled robots to follow open-ended instructions and demonstrate impressive commonsense reasoning. However, current vision-language-action (VLA) frameworks primarily rely on static…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zhenyang Liu , Yongchong Gu , Sixiao Zheng , Yanwei Fu , Xiangyang Xue , Yu-Gang Jiang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models mark a transformative advancement in artificial intelligence, aiming to unify perception, natural language understanding, and embodied action within a single computational framework. This foundational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Ranjan Sapkota , Yang Cao , Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis , Manoj Karkee

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have significantly advanced robotic manipulation by integrating vision-language models (VLMs), and action decoders into a unified architecture. However, their deployment on resource-constrained edge…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Jiahong Chen , Jing Wang , Long Chen , Chuwei Cai , Jinghui Lu

Recent advances in Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown promising capabilities in autonomous driving by leveraging the understanding and reasoning strengths of Large Language Models(LLMs).However, our empirical analysis reveals…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zihan You , Hongwei Liu , Chenxu Dang , Zhe Wang , Sining Ang , Aoqi Wang , Yan Wang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models exhibit strong generalization in robotic manipulation, yet reinforcement learning (RL) fine-tuning often degrades robustness under spatial distribution shifts. For flow-matching VLA policies, this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xu Pan , Zhenglin Wan , Xingrui Yu , Xianwei Zheng , Youkai Ke , Ming Sun , Rui Wang , Ziwei Wang , Ivor Tsang

Executing language-conditioned tasks in dynamic visual environments remains a central challenge in embodied AI. Existing Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models predominantly adopt reactive state-to-action mappings, often leading to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Qi Lv , Weijie Kong , Hao Li , Jia Zeng , Zherui Qiu , Delin Qu , Haoming Song , Qizhi Chen , Xiang Deng , Jiangmiao Pang

Autonomous navigation in highly constrained environments remains challenging for mobile robots. Classical navigation approaches offer safety assurances but require environment-specific parameter tuning; end-to-end learning bypasses…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yuanjie Lu , Beichen Wang , Zhengqi Wu , Yang Li , Xiaomin Lin , Chengzhi Mao , Xuesu Xiao

The deployment of artificial intelligence models at the edge is increasingly critical for autonomous robots operating in GPS-denied environments where local, resource-efficient reasoning is essential. This work demonstrates the feasibility…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Justin Williams , Kishor Datta Gupta , Roy George , Mrinmoy Sarkar

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated strong potential for predicting semantic actions in navigation tasks, demonstrating the ability to reason over complex linguistic instructions and visual contexts. However, they are…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have attracted increasing attention for their strong control capabilities. However, their high computational cost and low execution frequency hinder their suitability for real-time tasks such as robotic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Ye Li , Yuan Meng , Zewen Sun , Kangye Ji , Chen Tang , Jiajun Fan , Xinzhu Ma , Shutao Xia , Zhi Wang , Wenwu Zhu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising paradigm for end-to-end autonomous driving. However, existing reasoning mechanisms still struggle to provide planning-oriented intermediate representations: textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Minqing Huang , Yujiao Xiang , Zihan Liang , Jiajie Huang , Jingqi Wang , Zhi Xu , Feiyang Tan , Hangning Zhou , Mu Yang , Gong Che

Solving complex, long-horizon robotic manipulation tasks requires a deep understanding of physical interactions, reasoning about their long-term consequences, and precise high-level planning. Vision-Language Models (VLMs) offer a general…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yanting Yang , Shenyuan Gao , Qingwen Bu , Li Chen , Dimitris N. Metaxas

End-to-end autonomous driving frameworks face persistent challenges in generalization, training efficiency, and interpretability. While recent methods leverage Vision-Language Models (VLMs) through supervised learning on large-scale…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Lin Li , Yuxin Cai , Jianwu Fang , Jianru Xue , Chen Lv

Robotic manipulation is a fundamental component of automation. However, traditional perception-planning pipelines often fall short in open-ended tasks due to limited flexibility, while the architecture of a single end-to-end…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently demonstrated strong performance across embodied tasks. Modern VLAs commonly employ diffusion action experts to efficiently generate high-precision continuous action chunks, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Chen Zhao , Zhuoran Wang , Haoyang Li , Shifeng Bao , Guanlin Li , Youhe Feng , Yang Li , Jie Tang , Jing Zhang

End-to-end architectures trained via imitation learning have advanced autonomous driving by scaling model size and data, yet performance remains brittle in safety-critical long-tail scenarios where supervision is sparse and causal…

VLA models have shown promising potential in embodied navigation by unifying perception and planning while inheriting the strong generalization abilities of large VLMs. However, most existing VLA models rely on reactive mappings directly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Shaoan Wang , Yuanfei Luo , Xingyu Chen , Aocheng Luo , Dongyue Li , Chang Liu , Sheng Chen , Yangang Zhang , Junzhi Yu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show promise in embodied reasoning, yet remain far from true generalists-they often require task-specific fine-tuning, incur high compute costs, and generalize poorly to unseen tasks. We propose MetaVLA,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Chen Li , Zhantao Yang , Han Zhang , Fangyi Chen , Chenchen Zhu , Anudeepsekhar Bolimera , Marios Savvides