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Transformer is a deep neural network that employs a self-attention mechanism to comprehend the contextual relationships within sequential data. Unlike conventional neural networks or updated versions of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Saidul Islam , Hanae Elmekki , Ahmed Elsebai , Jamal Bentahar , Najat Drawel , Gaith Rjoub , Witold Pedrycz

Self-attention and transformers have been widely used in deep learning. Recent efforts have been devoted to incorporating transformer blocks into different neural architectures, including those with convolutions, leading to various visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Yancheng Wang , Yingzhen Yang

Diffusion models demonstrate outstanding performance in image generation, but their multi-step inference mechanism requires immense computational cost. Previous works accelerate inference by leveraging layer or token cache techniques to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Haowei Zhu , Ji Liu , Ziqiong Liu , Dong Li , Junhai Yong , Bin Wang , Emad Barsoum

Transformer-based models have significantly improved performance across a range of multimodal understanding tasks, such as visual question answering and action recognition. However, multimodal Transformers significantly suffer from a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Sungjin Park , Edward Choi

The deployment of transformer-based models on resource-constrained edge devices represents a critical challenge in enabling real-time artificial intelligence applications. This comprehensive survey examines lightweight transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Hema Hariharan Samson

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication is considered as a key enabler of ultra-high data rates in the future cellular and wireless networks. The need for directional communication between base stations (BSs) and users in mmWave systems,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-04 Sara Khosravi , Hossein S. Ghadikolaei , Marina Petrova

Mixture of Experts (MoE) architectures increase large language model scalability, yet their performance depends on the router module that moves tokens to specialized experts. Bad routing can load imbalance and reduced accuracy. This project…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Daniel Fidel Harvey , George Weale , Berk Yilmaz

Dynamic graph learning plays a pivotal role in modeling evolving relationships over time, especially for temporal link prediction tasks in domains such as traffic systems, social networks, and recommendation platforms. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Tao Zou , Chengfeng Wu , Tianxi Liao , Junchen Ye , Bowen Du

Efficient Transformers have been developed for long sequence modeling, due to their subquadratic memory and time complexity. Sparse Transformer is a popular approach to improving the efficiency of Transformers by restricting self-attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Aosong Feng , Irene Li , Yuang Jiang , Rex Ying

Transformer architectures dominate modern NLP but often demand heavy computational resources and intricate hyperparameter tuning. To mitigate these challenges, we propose a novel framework, BoostTransformer, that augments transformers with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Biyi Fang , Truong Vo , Jean Utke , Diego Klabjan

Transformers have become the dominant architecture across a wide range of domains, largely due to the effectiveness of multi-head attention in capturing diverse representation subspaces. However, standard multi-head attention activates all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Bilal Faye , Abdoulaye Mbaye , Hanane Azzag , Mustapha Lebbah

Intelligent metasurfaces may be harnessed for realizing efficient holographic multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems, at a low hardware-cost and high energy-efficiency. As part of this family, we propose a hybrid beamforming…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Qingchao Li , Mohammed El-Hajjar , Chao Xu , Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen , Lajos Hanzo

Transformer models rely on High-Performance Computing (HPC) resources for inference, where soft errors are inevitable in large-scale systems, making the reliability of the model particularly critical. Existing fault tolerance frameworks for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Huangliang Dai , Shixun Wu , Jiajun Huang , Zizhe Jian , Yue Zhu , Haiyang Hu , Zizhong Chen

Transformer-based models have recently achieved outstanding performance in image matting. However, their application to high-resolution images remains challenging due to the quadratic complexity of global self-attention. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Yiheng Lin , Yihan Hu , Chenyi Zhang , Ting Liu , Xiaochao Qu , Luoqi Liu , Yao Zhao , Yunchao Wei

This paper studies the fast adaptive beamforming for the multiuser multiple-input single-output downlink. Existing deep learning-based approaches assume that training and testing channels follow the same distribution which causes task…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Juping Zhang , Yi Yuan , Gan Zheng , Ioannis Krikidis , Kai-Kit Wong

In this paper, we propose a novel design for AI-native goal-oriented communications, exploiting transformer neural networks under dynamic inference constraints on bandwidth and computation. Transformers have become the standard architecture…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Alessio Devoto , Simone Petruzzi , Jary Pomponi , Paolo Di Lorenzo , Simone Scardapane

Transformer models are rapidly becoming a cornerstone of modern Internet of Things (IoT) applications, yet their computational and memory demands far exceed the capabilities of a single typical ultra-low-power IoT device. We present CATS, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Alexander Gräfe , Ding Huo , Vincent de Bakker , Johannes Berger , Marco Zimmerling , Sebastian Trimpe

Transformer-based models have achieved state-of-the-art results in many natural language processing tasks. The self-attention architecture allows transformer to combine information from all elements of a sequence into context-aware…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Mikhail S. Burtsev , Yuri Kuratov , Anton Peganov , Grigory V. Sapunov

Large language models have demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks, yet they face challenges such as low computational efficiency, gradient vanishing, and difficulties in capturing complex feature interactions. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Cheng Li , Jiexiong Liu , Yixuan Chen , Yanqin Jia , Zhepeng Li

Predicting the future behavior of agents is a fundamental task in autonomous vehicle domains. Accurate prediction relies on comprehending the surrounding map, which significantly regularizes agent behaviors. However, existing methods have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Chen Feng , Hangning Zhou , Huadong Lin , Zhigang Zhang , Ziyao Xu , Chi Zhang , Boyu Zhou , Shaojie Shen