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Dense retrieval models, which aim at retrieving the most relevant document for an input query on a dense representation space, have gained considerable attention for their remarkable success. Yet, dense models require a vast amount of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Soyeong Jeong , Jinheon Baek , Sukmin Cho , Sung Ju Hwang , Jong C. Park

Extracting information from academic PDF documents is crucial for numerous indexing, retrieval, and analysis use cases. Choosing the best tool to extract specific content elements is difficult because many, technically diverse tools are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Norman Meuschke , Apurva Jagdale , Timo Spinde , Jelena Mitrović , Bela Gipp

The goal of this paper is to retrieve an image based on instance, attribute and category similarity notions. Different from existing works, which usually address only one of these entities in isolation, we introduce a cooperative embedding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-03 William Thong , Cees G. M. Snoek , Arnold W. M. Smeulders

Text-to-image multimodal tasks, generating/retrieving an image from a given text description, are extremely challenging tasks since raw text descriptions cover quite limited information in order to fully describe visually realistic images.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Soyeon Caren Han , Siqu Long , Siwen Luo , Kunze Wang , Josiah Poon

Document layout analysis is a known problem to the documents research community and has been vastly explored yielding a multitude of solutions ranging from text mining, and recognition to graph-based representation, visual feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Subhajit Maity , Sanket Biswas , Siladittya Manna , Ayan Banerjee , Josep Lladós , Saumik Bhattacharya , Umapada Pal

Visually rich documents (e.g. leaflets, banners, magazine articles) are physical or digital documents that utilize visual cues to augment their semantics. Information contained in these documents are ad-hoc and often incomplete. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Ritesh Sarkhel , Arnab Nandi

Self-Supervised learning from multimodal image and text data allows deep neural networks to learn powerful features with no need of human annotated data. Web and Social Media platforms provide a virtually unlimited amount of this multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-09 Raul Gomez , Lluis Gomez , Jaume Gibert , Dimosthenis Karatzas

Visual document understanding (VDU) has rapidly advanced with the development of powerful multi-modal language models. However, these models typically require extensive document pre-training data to learn intermediate representations and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Souhail Bakkali , Sanket Biswas , Zuheng Ming , Mickaël Coustaty , Marçal Rusiñol , Oriol Ramos Terrades , Josep Lladós

Document Visual Question Answering (Document VQA) must cope with documents that span dozens of pages, yet leading systems still concatenate every page or rely on very large vision-language models, both of which are memory-hungry.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Eric López , Artemis Llabrés , Ernest Valveny

Keyword-based searches are today's standard in digital libraries. Yet, complex retrieval scenarios like in scientific knowledge bases, need more sophisticated access paths. Although each document somewhat contributes to a domain's body of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Hermann Kroll , Pascal Sackhoff , Timo Breuer , Ralf Schenkel , Wolf-Tilo Balke

Recently, Le and Mikolov (2014) proposed doc2vec as an extension to word2vec (Mikolov et al., 2013a) to learn document-level embeddings. Despite promising results in the original paper, others have struggled to reproduce those results. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-19 Jey Han Lau , Timothy Baldwin

Paragraph Vectors has been recently proposed as an unsupervised method for learning distributed representations for pieces of texts. In their work, the authors showed that the method can learn an embedding of movie review texts which can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-07-30 Andrew M. Dai , Christopher Olah , Quoc V. Le

As black-box AI-driven decision-making systems become increasingly widespread in modern document processing workflows, improving their transparency and reliability has become critical, especially in high-stakes applications where biases or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Saifullah Saifullah , Stefan Agne , Andreas Dengel , Sheraz Ahmed

Traditional retrieval methods have been essential for assessing document similarity but struggle with capturing semantic nuances. Despite advancements in latent semantic analysis (LSA) and deep learning, achieving comprehensive semantic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Solmaz Seyed Monir , Irene Lau , Shubing Yang , Dongfang Zhao

Recent advances in machine learning offer new ways to represent and study scholarly works and the space of knowledge. Graph and text embeddings provide a convenient vector representation of scholarly works based on citations and text. Yet,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Isabel Constantino , Sadamori Kojaku , Santo Fortunato , Yong-Yeol Ahn

Recommender systems assist legal professionals in finding relevant literature for supporting their case. Despite its importance for the profession, legal applications do not reflect the latest advances in recommender systems and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Malte Ostendorff , Elliott Ash , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp , Julian Moreno-Schneider , Georg Rehm

Universal Multimodal Retrieval (UMR) seeks any-to-any search across text and vision, yet modern embedding models remain brittle when queries require latent reasoning (e.g., resolving underspecified references or matching compositional…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jianrui Zhang , Anirudh Sundara Rajan , Brandon Han , Soochahn Lee , Sukanta Ganguly , Yong Jae Lee

Despite the rapid progress of Vision-Language Models (VLMs), their capabilities are inadequately assessed by existing benchmarks, which are predominantly English-centric, feature simplistic layouts, and support limited tasks. Consequently,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Ketong Chen , Yuhao Chen , Yang Xue

Document understanding is critical for applications from financial analysis to scientific discovery. Current approaches, whether OCR-based pipelines feeding Large Language Models (LLMs) or native Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs), face key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sensen Gao , Shanshan Zhao , Xu Jiang , Lunhao Duan , Yong Xien Chng , Qing-Guo Chen , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Jia-Wang Bian , Mingming Gong

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a paradigm that augments large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge to tackle knowledge-intensive question answering. While several benchmarks evaluate Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) under…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yin Wu , Quanyu Long , Jing Li , Jianfei Yu , Wenya Wang
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