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Promptable foundation models such as the Segment Anything Model (SAM) produce high-quality masks but remain semantically blind, relying on external prompts to specify categories. Existing vision-language approaches address this limitation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Shayan Jalilian , Abdul Bais

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) represents a state-of-the-art research advancement in natural image segmentation, achieving impressive results with input prompts such as points and bounding boxes. However, our evaluation and recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Junlong Cheng , Jin Ye , Zhongying Deng , Jianpin Chen , Tianbin Li , Haoyu Wang , Yanzhou Su , Ziyan Huang , Jilong Chen , Lei Jiang , Hui Sun , Junjun He , Shaoting Zhang , Min Zhu , Yu Qiao

The unprecedented developments in segmentation foundational models have become a dominant force in the field of computer vision, introducing a multitude of previously unexplored capabilities in a wide range of natural images and videos.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Yichi Zhang , Zhenrong Shen

Referring Expression Segmentation (RES) aims to segment image regions described by natural-language expressions, serving as a bridge between vision and language understanding. Existing RES methods, however, rely heavily on large annotated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Weiming Zhang , Dingwen Xiao , Songyue Guo , Guangyu Xiang , Shiqi Wen , Minwei Zhao , Lei Chen , Lin Wang

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has revolutionized image segmentation through its innovative prompt-based approach, yet the critical role of prompt engineering in its success remains underexplored. This paper presents the first…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Yidong Jiang

Since the release of Segment Anything 2 (SAM2), the medical imaging community has been actively evaluating its performance for 3D medical image segmentation. However, different studies have employed varying evaluation pipelines, resulting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Yufan He , Pengfei Guo , Yucheng Tang , Andriy Myronenko , Vishwesh Nath , Ziyue Xu , Dong Yang , Can Zhao , Daguang Xu , Wenqi Li

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has recently emerged as a significant breakthrough in foundation models, demonstrating remarkable zero-shot performance in object segmentation tasks. While SAM is designed for generalization, it exhibits…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Josh Stein , Maxime Di Folco , Julia A. Schnabel

Purpose: Accurate tool segmentation is essential in computer-aided procedures. However, this task conveys challenges due to artifacts' presence and the limited training data in medical scenarios. Methods that generalize to unseen data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Kanyifeechukwu J. Oguine , Roger D. Soberanis-Mukul , Nathan Drenkow , Mathias Unberath

Advancements in 3D instance segmentation have traditionally been tethered to the availability of annotated datasets, limiting their application to a narrow spectrum of object categories. Recent efforts have sought to harness vision-language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Yingda Yin , Yuzheng Liu , Yang Xiao , Daniel Cohen-Or , Jingwei Huang , Baoquan Chen

Pre-trained on a large and diverse dataset, the segment anything model (SAM) is the first promptable foundation model in computer vision aiming at object segmentation tasks. In this work, we evaluate SAM for the task of nuclear instance…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-26 Kesi Xu , Lea Goetz , Nasir Rajpoot

Purpose: The Segment Anything Model (SAM) promises to ease the annotation bottleneck in medical segmentation, but overlapping anatomy and blurred boundaries make its point prompts ambiguous, leading to cycles of manual refinement to achieve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Adrien Meyer , Lorenzo Arboit , Giuseppe Massimiani , Shih-Min Yin , Didier Mutter , Nicolas Padoy

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has exhibited outstanding performance in various image segmentation tasks. Despite being trained with over a billion masks, SAM faces challenges in mask prediction quality in numerous scenarios, especially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Zhaozhi Xie , Bochen Guan , Weihao Jiang , Muyang Yi , Yue Ding , Hongtao Lu , Lei Zhang

Medical image segmentation has greatly aided medical diagnosis, with U-Net based architectures and nnU-Net providing state-of-the-art performance. There have been numerous general promptable models and medical variations introduced in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Connor Ludwig , Khashayar Namdar , Farzad Khalvati

Segment Anything Model (SAM) represents a large-scale segmentation model that enables powerful zero-shot capabilities with flexible prompts. While SAM can segment any object in zero-shot, it requires user-provided prompts for each target…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Kosuke Sakurai , Ryotaro Shimizu , Masayuki Goto

Segment Anything Models (SAM) have made significant advancements in image segmentation, allowing users to segment target portions of an image with a single click (i.e., user prompt). Given its broad applications, the robustness of SAM…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Yifan Shen , Zhengyuan Li , Gang Wang

Vision foundation models have achieved remarkable progress across various image analysis tasks. In the image segmentation task, foundation models like the Segment Anything Model (SAM) enable generalizable zero-shot segmentation through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Xingxin He , Yifan Hu , Zhaoye Zhou , Mohamed Jarraya , Fang Liu

Surgical video segmentation is critical for AI to interpret spatial-temporal dynamics in surgery, yet model performance is constrained by limited annotated data. The SAM2 model, pretrained on natural videos, offers potential for zero-shot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Cheng Yuan , Jian Jiang , Kunyi Yang , Lv Wu , Rui Wang , Zi Meng , Haonan Ping , Ziyu Xu , Yifan Zhou , Wanli Song , Hesheng Wang , Yueming Jin , Qi Dou , Yutong Ban

The field of medical image segmentation is hindered by the scarcity of large, publicly available annotated datasets. Not all datasets are made public for privacy reasons, and creating annotations for a large dataset is time-consuming and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Iira Häkkinen , Iaroslav Melekhov , Erik Englesson , Hossein Azizpour , Juho Kannala

Most existing methods for training-free open-vocabulary semantic segmentation are based on CLIP. While these approaches have made progress, they often face challenges in precise localization or require complex pipelines to combine separate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Kaiyu Li , Shengqi Zhang , Yujie Wang , Yupeng Deng , Zhi Wang , Deyu Meng , Xiangyong Cao

The recent Segment Anything Model (SAM) 2 has demonstrated remarkable foundational competence in semantic segmentation, with its memory mechanism and mask decoder further addressing challenges in video tracking and object occlusion, thereby…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Jieming Yu , An Wang , Wenzhen Dong , Mengya Xu , Mobarakol Islam , Jie Wang , Long Bai , Hongliang Ren