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In reinforcement learning, the performance of learning agents is highly sensitive to the choice of time discretization. Agents acting at high frequencies have the best control opportunities, along with some drawbacks, such as possible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Luca Sabbioni , Luca Al Daire , Lorenzo Bisi , Alberto Maria Metelli , Marcello Restelli

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has become the standard paradigm for LLM mathematical reasoning, where Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) serves as the mainstream algorithm. We point out two understudied…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Mingxiong Lin , Zhangquan Gong , Maowen Tang , Qian Li , Chuangchuang Wang , Jian Ma , Sutian Huang , Kai Tang , Haonan Lu

Otto's Theorem characterises the bisimulation-invariant PTIME queries over graphs as exactly those that can be formulated in the polyadic mu-calculus, hinging on the Immerman-Vardi Theorem which characterises PTIME (over ordered structures)…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Florian Bruse , David Kronenberger , Martin Lange

Off-policy reinforcement learning with eligibility traces is challenging because of the discrepancy between target policy and behavior policy. One common approach is to measure the difference between two policies in a probabilistic way,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-20 Longxiang Shi , Shijian Li , Longbing Cao , Long Yang , Gang Pan

We study the problem of estimating the value function of discrete-time switched systems under arbitrary switching. Unlike the switched LQR problem, where both inputs and mode sequences are optimized, we consider the case where switching is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-05 Léa Ninite , Adrien Banse , Guillaume O. Berger , Raphaël M. Jungers

Deep reinforcement learning excels in numerous large-scale practical applications. However, existing performance analyses ignores the unique characteristics of continuous-time control problems, is unable to directly estimate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Shuyu Yin , Qixuan Zhou , Fei Wen , Tao Luo

We cast policy gradient methods as the repeated application of two operators: a policy improvement operator $\mathcal{I}$, which maps any policy $\pi$ to a better one $\mathcal{I}\pi$, and a projection operator $\mathcal{P}$, which finds…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Dibya Ghosh , Marlos C. Machado , Nicolas Le Roux

Optimal stopping is the problem of deciding when to stop a stochastic system to obtain the greatest reward, arising in numerous application areas such as finance, healthcare and marketing. State-of-the-art methods for high-dimensional…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-01 Dragos Florin Ciocan , Velibor V. Mišić

While maximizing expected return is the goal in most reinforcement learning approaches, risk-sensitive objectives such as conditional value at risk (CVaR) are more suitable for many high-stakes applications. However, relatively little is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Ramtin Keramati , Christoph Dann , Alex Tamkin , Emma Brunskill

Policy iteration (PI) is a widely used algorithm for synthesizing optimal feedback control policies across many engineering and scientific applications. When PI is deployed on infinite-horizon, nonlinear, autonomous optimal-control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-15 Tobias Ehring , Behzad Azmi , Bernard Haasdonk

We consider the infinite-horizon discounted optimal control problem formalized by Markov Decision Processes. We focus on several approximate variations of the Policy Iteration algorithm: Approximate Policy Iteration, Conservative Policy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-05-13 Bruno Scherrer

Policy learning in modern operations environments faces a fundamental tension between limited operational data and the large, often continuous, state and action spaces over which good decisions must be identified and deployed. We study…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Shengbo Wang , Jose Blanchet , Peter Glynn

We study a finite-inventory risk-sensitive market making problem in which a dealer controls bid and ask quotes, faces Brownian midprice risk, and receives liquidity-taking orders through point processes with quote-dependent intensities. The…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2026-05-26 Tenghan Zhong

This paper establishes that an MDP with a unique optimal policy and ergodic associated transition matrix ensures the convergence of various versions of the Value Iteration algorithm at a geometric rate that exceeds the discount factor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Arsenii Mustafin , Alex Olshevsky , Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis

Invertible map equivalences are approximations of graph isomorphism that refine the well-known Weisfeiler-Leman method. They are parametrised by a number k and a set Q of primes. The intuition is that two graphs G and H which are equivalent…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Anuj Dawar , Erich Grädel , Wied Pakusa

In this work, we design quantum algorithms that are more efficient than classical algorithms to solve time-dependent and finite-horizon Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) in two distinct settings: (1) In the exact dynamics setting, where the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-11 Bin Luo , Yuwen Huang , Jonathan Allcock , Xiaojun Lin , Shengyu Zhang , John C. S. Lui

We prove performance guarantees of two algorithms for approximating $Q^\star$ in batch reinforcement learning. Compared to classical iterative methods such as Fitted Q-Iteration---whose performance loss incurs quadratic dependence on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Tengyang Xie , Nan Jiang

We consider the problem of overbounding and underbounding both the backward and forward reachable set for a given polynomial vector field, nonlinear in both state and input, with a given semialgebriac set of initial conditions and with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-18 Morgan Jones , Matthew M. Peet

Both the optimal value function and the optimal policy can be used to model an optimal controller based on the duality established by the Bellman equation. Even with this duality, no parametric model has been able to output both policy and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-02 Jicheng Shi , Yingzhao Lian , Colin N. Jones

This paper considers consumption and portfolio optimization problems with recursive preferences in both infinite and finite time regions. Specially, the financial market consists of a risk-free asset and a risky asset that follows a general…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-30 Jian-hao Kang , Zhun Gou , Nan-jing Huang