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Large language models (LLMs) are trained on massive datasets that may include private or copyrighted content. Due to growing privacy and ownership concerns, data owners may request the removal of their data from trained models. Machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zhihao Liu , Jian Lou , Yuke Hu , Xiaochen Li , Yitian Chen , Tailun Chen , Zhizhen Qin , Kui Ren , Zhan Qin

Machine unlearning for large language models (LLMs) aims to remove targeted knowledge while preserving general capability. In this paper, we recast LLM unlearning as an asymmetric two-task problem: retention is the primary objective and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zeguan Xiao , Siqing Li , Yong Wang , Xuetao Wei , Jian Yang , Yun Chen , Guanhua Chen

Unlearning in large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a promising safeguard against adversarial behaviors. When the forgetting loss is applied uniformly without considering token-level semantic importance, model utility can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Seunghee Koh , Sunghyun Baek , Youngdong Kim , Junmo Kim

Large language model unlearning aims to remove harmful information that LLMs have learnt to prevent their use for malicious purposes. LLMU and RMU have been proposed as two methods for LLM unlearning, achieving impressive results on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Jai Doshi , Asa Cooper Stickland

As large language models (LLMs) are trained on massive datasets, they have raised significant privacy and ethical concerns due to their potential to inadvertently retain sensitive information. Unlearning seeks to selectively remove specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Philipp Spohn , Leander Girrbach , Jessica Bader , Zeynep Akata

Generative models such as Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) trained on massive datasets can lead them to memorize and inadvertently reveal sensitive information, raising ethical and privacy concerns.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Zheyuan Liu , Guangyao Dou , Xiangchi Yuan , Chunhui Zhang , Zhaoxuan Tan , Meng Jiang

Despite the dominance and effectiveness of scaling, resulting in large networks with hundreds of billions of parameters, the necessity to train overparameterized models remains poorly understood, while training costs grow exponentially. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Vladislav Lialin , Namrata Shivagunde , Sherin Muckatira , Anna Rumshisky

Machine unlearning is the problem of removing the effect of a subset of training data (the ''forget set'') from a trained model without damaging the model's utility e.g. to comply with users' requests to delete their data, or remove…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Kairan Zhao , Meghdad Kurmanji , George-Octavian Bărbulescu , Eleni Triantafillou , Peter Triantafillou

Unlearning in Large Language Models (LLMs) aims to enhance safety, mitigate biases, and comply with legal mandates, such as the right to be forgotten. However, existing unlearning methods are brittle: minor query modifications, such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Raj Sanjay Shah , Jing Huang , Keerthiram Murugesan , Nathalie Baracaldo , Diyi Yang

Large language models (LLMs) require iterative updates to address the outdated information problem, where LLM unlearning offers an approach for selective removal. However, mainstream unlearning methods primarily rely on fine-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Miao Yu , Liang Lin , Guibin Zhang , Xinfeng Li , Junfeng Fang , Xingrui Yu , Ivor Tsang , Ningyu Zhang , Kun Wang , Yang Wang

Large language models (LLMs) possess vast knowledge acquired from extensive training corpora, but they often cannot remove specific pieces of information when needed, which makes it hard to handle privacy, bias mitigation, and knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yezi Liu , Hanning Chen , Wenjun Huang , Yang Ni , Mohsen Imani

Machine unlearning refers to removing the influence of a specified subset of training data from a machine learning model, efficiently, after it has already been trained. This is important for key applications, including making the model…

This study investigates the concept of the `right to be forgotten' within the context of large language models (LLMs). We explore machine unlearning as a pivotal solution, with a focus on pre-trained models--a notably under-researched area.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jin Yao , Eli Chien , Minxin Du , Xinyao Niu , Tianhao Wang , Zezhou Cheng , Xiang Yue

Machine unlearning aims to remove the influence of specific training data from a model without requiring full retraining. This capability is crucial for ensuring privacy, safety, and regulatory compliance. Therefore, verifying whether a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Liran Cohen , Yaniv Nemcovesky , Avi Mendelson

Benefiting from massive corpora and advanced hardware, large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities in language understanding and generation. However, their performance degrades in scenarios where multiple tasks are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Xiao Wang , Tianze Chen , Qiming Ge , Han Xia , Rong Bao , Rui Zheng , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang

Federated learning (FL) is a popular paradigm for collaborative training which avoids direct data exposure between clients. However, data privacy issues still remain: FL-trained large language models are capable of memorizing and completing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Thierry Bossy , Julien Vignoud , Tahseen Rabbani , Juan R. Troncoso Pastoriza , Martin Jaggi

Large Language Models (LLMs) trained on extensive corpora inevitably retain sensitive data, such as personal privacy information and copyrighted material. Recent advancements in knowledge unlearning involve updating LLM parameters to erase…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Bozhong Tian , Xiaozhuan Liang , Siyuan Cheng , Qingbin Liu , Mengru Wang , Dianbo Sui , Xi Chen , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities learned from vast corpora, concerns regarding data privacy and safety are receiving increasing attention. LLM unlearning, which aims to remove the influence of specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Kai Qin , Jiaqi Wu , Jianxiang He , Haoyuan Sun , Yifei Zhao , Bin Liang , Yongzhe Chang , Tiantian Zhang , Houde Liu

Entity-level unlearning is usually evaluated by what a model says: whether it stops naming the target, refuses a query, or shifts a Truth Ratio distribution. These output-level tests, however, do not show whether a subject's internal…

We study few-shot Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks with Large Language Models (LLMs) in federated learning (FL) scenarios. It is a challenging task due to limited labeled data and communication capacities in FL, especially with…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Jingang Jiang , Xiangyang Liu , Chenyou Fan
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