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Multi-agent systems (MAS) have shown great potential in executing complex tasks, but coordination and safety remain significant challenges. Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) offers a promising framework for agent collaboration, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Ziqi Jia , Junjie Li , Xiaoyang Qu , Jianzong Wang

A large amount of work has been done in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) for modeling and solving problems with multiple interacting agents. However, most LLMs are pretrained independently and not specifically optimized for coordination. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Shuo Liu , Tianle Chen , Zeyu Liang , Xueguang Lyu , Christopher Amato

Achieving distributed reinforcement learning (RL) for large-scale cooperative multi-agent systems (MASs) is challenging because: (i) each agent has access to only limited information; (ii) issues on convergence or computational complexity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Gangshan Jing , He Bai , Jemin George , Aranya Chakrabortty , Piyush K. Sharma

Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive zero-shot and few-shot generalization capabilities across complex natural language tasks, enabling their widespread use as virtual assistants for diverse applications such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Arjun Vaithilingam Sudhakar

Autonomous agents based on large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in a wide range of applications, including web navigation, software development, and embodied control. While most LLMs are limited in several…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yixin Liu , Guibin Zhang , Kun Wang , Shiyuan Li , Shirui Pan

This paper introduces LLM-MARL, a unified framework that incorporates large language models (LLMs) into multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) to enhance coordination, communication, and generalization in simulated game environments. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Zhengyang Li , Sawyer Campos , Nana Wang

Although Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is effective for complex multi-robot tasks, it suffers from low sample efficiency and requires iterative manual reward tuning. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Guobin Zhu , Rui Zhou , Wenkang Ji , Shiyu Zhao

Causal structure discovery from observations can be improved by integrating background knowledge provided by an expert to reduce the hypothesis space. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have begun to be considered as sources of prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Victor-Alexandru Darvariu , Stephen Hailes , Mirco Musolesi

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has been increasingly explored to learn the cooperative policy towards maximizing a certain global reward. Many existing studies take advantage of graph neural networks (GNN) in MARL to propagate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-25 Wenlei Shi , Xinran Wei , Jia Zhang , Xiaoyuan Ni , Arthur Jiang , Jiang Bian , Tie-Yan Liu

Effective collaboration in multi-agent systems requires communicating goals and intentions between agents. Current agent frameworks often suffer from dependencies on single-agent execution and lack robust inter-module communication,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Xihe Qiu , Haoyu Wang , Xiaoyu Tan , Chao Qu , Yujie Xiong , Yuan Cheng , Yinghui Xu , Wei Chu , Yuan Qi

Modern AI systems often comprise multiple learnable components that can be naturally organized as graphs. A central challenge is the end-to-end training of such systems without restrictive architectural or training assumptions. Such tasks…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Maksim Kryzhanovskiy , Svetlana Glazyrina , Roman Ischenko , Konstantin Vorontsov

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a crucial method for training or fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), enabling adaptive, task-specific optimizations through interactive feedback. Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Junwei Su , Chuan Wu

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great abilities in various tasks, including question answering, arithmetic problem solving, and poem writing, among others. Although research on LLM-as-an-agent has shown that LLM can…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Chuanneng Sun , Songjun Huang , Dario Pompili

This paper presents deep meta coordination graphs (DMCG) for learning cooperative policies in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Coordination graph formulations encode local interactions and accordingly factorize the joint value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Nikunj Gupta , James Zachary Hare , Jesse Milzman , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor Prasanna

Existing distributed cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) frameworks usually assume undirected coordination graphs and communication graphs while estimating a global reward via consensus algorithms for policy evaluation.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Gangshan Jing , He Bai , Jemin George , Aranya Chakrabortty , Piyush. K. Sharma

Generative AI, particularly Large Language Models, increasingly integrates graph-based representations to enhance reasoning, retrieval, and structured decision-making. Despite rapid advances, there remains limited clarity regarding when,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Hamed Jelodar , Samita Bai , Mohammad Meymani , Parisa Hamedi , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Ali Ghorbani

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has achieved significant results, most notably by leveraging the representation-learning abilities of deep neural networks. However, large centralized approaches quickly become…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Nikunj Gupta , G Srinivasaraghavan , Swarup Kumar Mohalik , Nishant Kumar , Matthew E. Taylor

Advancements in deep multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) have positioned it as a promising approach for decision-making in cooperative games. However, it still remains challenging for MARL agents to learn cooperative strategies for…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Yuan Zhuang , Yi Shen , Zhili Zhang , Yuxiao Chen , Fei Miao

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly rely on agentic capabilities-iterative retrieval, tool use, and decision-making-to overcome the limits of static, parametric knowledge. Yet existing agentic frameworks treat external information as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yuanfu Sun , Kang Li , Dongzhe Fan , Jiajin Liu , Qiaoyu Tan

In multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), the integration of a communication mechanism, allowing agents to better learn to coordinate their actions and converge on their objectives by sharing information. Based on an interaction graph,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Valentin Cuzin-Rambaud , Laetitia Matignon , Maxime Morge
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