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With the rise of large language models (LLMs), there has been growing interest in Graph Foundation Models (GFMs) for graph-based tasks. By leveraging LLMs as predictors, GFMs have demonstrated impressive generalizability across various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Runlin Lei , Jiarui Ji , Haipeng Ding , Lu Yi , Zhewei Wei , Yongchao Liu , Chuntao Hong

Large language model (LLM) agents struggle to autonomously evolve coordination strategies in dynamic environments, largely because coarse global outcomes obscure the causal signals needed for local policy refinement. We identify this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Huaiyuan Yao , Longchao Da , Xiaoou Liu , Charles Fleming , Tianlong Chen , Hua Wei

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) faces significant challenges in task sequencing and curriculum design, particularly for cooperative coordination scenarios. While curriculum learning has demonstrated success in single-agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Farhaan Ebadulla , Dharini Hindlatti , Srinivaasan NS , Apoorva VH , Ayman Aftab

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has become a fundamental component of next-generation wireless communication systems. Theoretically, although MARL has the advantages of low computational complexity and fast convergence rate, there…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Ziheng Liu , Jiayi Zhang , Enyu Shi , Zhilong Liu , Dusit Niyato , Bo Ai , Xuemin , Shen

A graph is a fundamental data model to represent various entities and their complex relationships in society and nature, such as social networks, transportation networks, and financial networks. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Wenbo Shang , Xin Huang

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) methods find optimal policies for agents that operate in the presence of other learning agents. Central to achieving this is how the agents coordinate. One way to coordinate is by learning to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-04-10 Shubham Gupta , Rishi Hazra , Ambedkar Dukkipati

Effective agent coordination is crucial in cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). While agent cooperation can be represented by graph structures, prevailing graph learning methods in MARL are limited. They rely solely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Wei Duan , Jie Lu , Junyu Xuan

Existing multi-agent coordination techniques are often fragile and vulnerable to anomalies such as agent attrition and communication disturbances, which are quite common in the real-world deployment of systems like field robotics. To better…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-27 Anthony Goeckner , Yueyuan Sui , Nicolas Martinet , Xinliang Li , Qi Zhu

Recent advances in generative artificial intelligence (AI), and particularly the integration of large language models (LLMs), have had considerable impact on multiple domains. Meanwhile, enhancing dynamic network performance is a crucial…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Geng Sun , Yixian Wang , Dusit Niyato , Jiacheng Wang , Xinying Wang , H. Vincent Poor , Khaled B. Letaief

In complex multi-agent environments, achieving efficient learning and desirable behaviours is a significant challenge for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) systems. This work explores the potential of combining MARL with Large…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Philipp D. Siedler , Ian Gemp

Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) necessitates seamless collaboration among agents, often represented by an underlying relation graph. Existing methods for learning this graph primarily focus on agent-pair relations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Wei Duan , Jie Lu , Junyu Xuan

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) methods have shown promise in enabling agents to learn a shared communication protocol from scratch and accomplish challenging team tasks. However, the learned language is usually not interpretable…

Developing intelligent agents for long-term cooperation in dynamic open-world scenarios is a major challenge in multi-agent systems. Traditional Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) frameworks like centralized training decentralized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Hanqing Yang , Jingdi Chen , Marie Siew , Tania Lorido-Botran , Carlee Joe-Wong

Model pre-training on large text corpora has been demonstrated effective for various downstream applications in the NLP domain. In the graph mining domain, a similar analogy can be drawn for pre-training graph models on large graphs in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Han Xie , Da Zheng , Jun Ma , Houyu Zhang , Vassilis N. Ioannidis , Xiang Song , Qing Ping , Sheng Wang , Carl Yang , Yi Xu , Belinda Zeng , Trishul Chilimbi

Large language models (LLMs) have proven effective in artificial intelligence, where the multi-agent system (MAS) holds considerable promise for healthcare development by achieving the collaboration of LLMs. However, the absence of a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zhihao Peng , Liuxin Bao , Yixuan Yuan

This paper proposes an exploration technique for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) with graph-based communication among agents. We assume the individual rewards received by the agents are independent of the actions by the other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Ainur Zhaikhan , Ali H. Sayed

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) have fundamentally altered the way we interact with digital systems and have led to the pursuit of LLM powered AI agents to assist in daily workflows. LLMs, whilst powerful and capable of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Prattyush Mangal , Carol Mak , Theo Kanakis , Timothy Donovan , Dave Braines , Edward Pyzer-Knapp

Large Language Models (LLMs) based agents have demonstrated remarkable potential in autonomous task-solving across complex, open-ended environments. A promising approach for improving the reasoning capabilities of LLM agents is to better…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Siyu Xia , Zekun Xu , Jiajun Chai , Wentian Fan , Yan Song , Xiaohan Wang , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang

Learning cooperative multi-agent policies directly from high-dimensional, multimodal sensory inputs like pixels and audio (from pixels) is notoriously sample-inefficient. Model-free Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Sureyya Akin , Kavita Srivastava , Prateek B. Kapoor , Pradeep G. Sethi , Sunita Q. Patel , Rahu Srivastava

As agentic AI becomes more widespread, agents with distinct and possibly conflicting goals will interact in complex ways. These multi-agent interactions pose a fundamental challenge, particularly in social dilemmas, where agents' individual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Dereck Piche , Mohammed Muqeeth , Milad Aghajohari , Juan Duque , Michael Noukhovitch , Aaron Courville