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In this work, we propose a novel complementary learning approach to enhance test-time adaptation (TTA), which has been proven to exhibit good performance on testing data with distribution shifts such as corruptions. In test-time adaptation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Jiayi Han , Longbin Zeng , Liang Du , Weiyang Ding , Jianfeng Feng

The classification of electrocardiogram (ECG) plays a crucial role in the development of an automatic cardiovascular diagnostic system. However, considerable variances in ECG signals between individuals is a significant challenge. Changes…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-08 Md Niaz Imtiaz , Naimul Khan

As an essential element for the diagnosis and rehabilitation of psychiatric disorders, the electroencephalogram (EEG) based emotion recognition has achieved significant progress due to its high precision and reliability. However, one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Hao Chen , Ming Jin , Zhunan Li , Cunhang Fan , Jinpeng Li , Huiguang He

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals generally exhibit low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and high inter-subject variability, making generalization across subjects and domains challenging. Recent advances in deep learning, particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Jiazhen Hong , Geoffrey Mackellar , Soheila Ghane

Person re-identification (re-id), which aims to retrieve images of the same person in a given image from a database, is one of the most practical image recognition applications. In the real world, however, the environments that the images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Kazuki Adachi , Shohei Enomoto , Taku Sasaki , Shin'ya Yamaguchi

Test-time adaptation (TTA) intends to adapt the pretrained model to test distributions with only unlabeled test data streams. Most of the previous TTA methods have achieved great success on simple test data streams such as independently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Longhui Yuan , Binhui Xie , Shuang Li

Electroencephalography (EEG) based emotion recognition has demonstrated tremendous improvement in recent years. Specifically, numerous domain adaptation (DA) algorithms have been exploited in the past five years to enhance the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-20 Yan Li , Hao Chen , Jake Zhao , Haolan Zhang , Jinpeng Li

Motor imagery EEG classification plays a crucial role in non-invasive Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) research. However, the classification is affected by the non-stationarity and individual variations of EEG signals. Simply pooling EEG data…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-10 Xiao-Cong Zhong , Qisong Wang , Dan Liu , Zhihuang Chen , Jing-Xiao Liao , Jinwei Sun , Yudong Zhang , Feng-Lei Fan

Atrial fibrillation (AF) detection from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is crucial for early diagnosis and management of cardiovascular diseases. However, deploying robust AF detection models across different datasets with significant…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-19 Majid Soleimani , Maedeh H. Toosi , Siamak Mohammadi , Babak Hossein Khalaj

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is the problem of updating a pre-trained source model at inference time given test input(s) from a different target domain. Most existing TTA approaches assume the setting in which the target domain is stationary,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Dhanajit Brahma , Piyush Rai

In the process of patient diagnosis, non-invasive measurements are widely used due to their low risks and quick results. Electrocardiogram (ECG), as a non-invasive method to collect heart activities, is used to diagnose cardiac conditions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yuhao Xu , Jiaying Lu , Sirui Ding , Defu Cao , Xiao Hu , Carl Yang

Data augmentation approaches are widely explored for the enhancement of decoding electroencephalogram signals. In subject-independent brain-computer interface system, domain adaption and generalization are utilized to shift source subjects'…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-02 Kang Yin , Byeong-Hoo Lee , Byoung-Hee Kwon , Jeong-Hyun Cho

Test-time adaptation (TTA) refers to adapting neural networks to distribution shifts, with access to only the unlabeled test samples from the new domain at test-time. Prior TTA methods optimize over unsupervised objectives such as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Sachin Goyal , Mingjie Sun , Aditi Raghunathan , Zico Kolter

Deep neural networks demonstrate strong performance under aligned training-test distributions. However, real-world test data often exhibit domain shifts. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses this challenge by adapting the model to test data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Byung-Joon Lee , Jin-Seop Lee , Jee-Hyong Lee

Test-time adaptation (TTA) refers to adjusting the model during the testing phase to cope with changes in sample distribution and enhance the model's adaptability to new environments. In real-world scenarios, models often encounter samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ziqiong Liu , Yushun Tang , Junyang Ji , Zhihai He

Sleep staging models often degrade when deployed on patients with unseen physiology or recording conditions. We propose a streaming, source-free test-time adaptation (TTA) recipe that combines entropy minimization (Tent) with Batch-Norm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Hritik Arasu , Faisal R Jahangiri

While electroencephalogram (EEG) has been a crucial tool for monitoring the brain and diagnosing neurological disorders (e.g., epilepsy), learning meaningful representations from raw EEG signals remains challenging due to limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jia Hong Puah , Sim Kuan Goh , Ziwei Zhang , Zixuan Ye , Chow Khuen Chan , Kheng Seang Lim , Si Lei Fong , Kok Sin Woon , Cuntai Guan

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) offers a practical solution for deploying image segmentation models under domain shift without accessing source data or retraining. Among existing TTA strategies, pseudo-label-based methods have shown promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Jianghao Wu , Xiangde Luo , Yubo Zhou , Lianming Wu , Guotai Wang , Shaoting Zhang

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) enhances model robustness to out-of-distribution (OOD) data by updating the model online during inference, yet existing methods lack theoretical insights into the fundamental causes of performance degradation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xiao Chen , Zhongjing Du , Jiazhen Huang , Xu Jiang , Li Lu , Jingyan Jiang , Zhi Wang

Transfer learning makes use of data or knowledge in one problem to help solve a different, yet related, problem. It is particularly useful in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), for coping with variations among different subjects and/or…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Wen Zhang , Dongrui Wu