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Related papers: Test-Time Adaptation for EEG Foundation Models: A …

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Deep neural networks often degrade under distribution shifts. Although domain adaptation offers a solution, privacy constraints often prevent access to source data, making Test-Time Adaptation (TTA, which adapts using only unlabeled test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Linjing You , Jiabao Lu , Xiayuan Huang

Electroencephalography (EEG) foundation models hold significant promise for universal Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). However, existing approaches often rely on end-to-end fine-tuning and exhibit limited efficacy under frozen-probing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jiquan Wang , Sha Zhao , Yangxuan Zhou , Yiming Kang , Shijian Li , Gang Pan

Emotion recognition is crucial for advancing mental health, healthcare, and technologies like brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, EEG-based emotion recognition models face challenges in cross-domain applications due to the high cost…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-08 Md Niaz Imtiaz , Naimul Khan

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) via entropy minimization (EM) has proven effective for classification tasks, yet its application to generative autoregressive models remains theoretically fragmented. Existing approaches typically rely on distinct…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Wei-Ping Huang , Chee-En Yu , Guan-Ting Lin , Hung-yi Lee

Test-time adaptation (TTA) enhances model robustness by enabling adaptation to target distributions that differ from training distributions, improving real-world generalizability. However, most existing TTA approaches focus on adjusting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yewon Han , Seoyun Yang , Taesup Kim

Data scarcity in the brain-computer interface field can be alleviated through the use of generative models, specifically diffusion models. While diffusion models have previously been successfully applied to electroencephalogram (EEG) data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Guido Klein , Pierre Guetschel , Gianluigi Silvestri , Michael Tangermann

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to adapt a trained classifier using online unlabeled test data only, without any information related to the training procedure. Most existing TTA methods adapt the trained classifier using the classifier's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Minguk Jang , Sae-Young Chung , Hye Won Chung

In recent advancements in Test Time Adaptation (TTA), most existing methodologies focus on updating normalization layers to adapt to the test domain. However, the reliance on normalization-based adaptation presents key challenges. First,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hyeongyu Kim , Geonhui Han , Dosik Hwang

Both the temporal dynamics and spatial correlations of Electroencephalogram (EEG), which contain discriminative emotion information, are essential for the emotion recognition. However, some redundant information within the EEG signals would…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-17 Zhe Wang , Yongxiong Wang , Chuanfei Hu , Zhong Yin , Yu Song

The accurate interpretation of Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is pivotal for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. Integrating ECG signals with accompanying textual reports further holds immense potential to enhance clinical diagnostics by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Hung Manh Pham , Aaqib Saeed , Dong Ma

Text understanding often suffers from domain shifts. To handle testing domains, domain adaptation (DA) is trained to adapt to a fixed and observed testing domain; a more challenging paradigm, test-time adaptation (TTA), cannot access the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Tianlun Liu , Zhiliang Tian , Zhen Huang , Xingzhi Zhou , Wanlong Yu , Tianle Liu , Feng Liu , Dongsheng Li

The introduction of deep learning and transfer learning techniques in fields such as computer vision allowed a leap forward in the accuracy of image classification tasks. Currently there is only limited use of such techniques in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Axel Uran , Coert van Gemeren , Rosanne van Diepen , Ricardo Chavarriaga , José del R. Millán

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) enables pre-trained models to adapt to continuously evolving domains. Existing methods have improved robustness but typically rely on fixed or batch-level thresholds, which cannot account for varying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Seunghwan Lee , Inyoung Jung , Hojoon Lee , Eunil Park , Sungeun Hong

Integrating prior knowledge of neurophysiology into neural network architecture enhances the performance of emotion decoding. While numerous techniques emphasize learning spatial and short-term temporal patterns, there has been limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yi Ding , Chengxuan Tong , Shuailei Zhang , Muyun Jiang , Yong Li , Kevin Lim Jun Liang , Cuntai Guan

Understanding and decoding brain activity from electroencephalography (EEG) signals is a fundamental challenge in neuroscience and AI, with applications in cognition, emotion recognition, diagnosis, and brain-computer interfaces. While…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yuchen Zhou , Jiamin Wu , Zichen Ren , Zhouheng Yao , Weiheng Lu , Kunyu Peng , Qihao Zheng , Chunfeng Song , Wanli Ouyang , Chao Gou

The variability in EEG signals between different individuals poses a significant challenge when implementing brain-computer interfaces (BCI). Commonly proposed solutions to this problem include deep learning models, due to their increased…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-01 Stylianos Bakas , Siegfried Ludwig , Dimitrios A. Adamos , Nikolaos Laskaris , Yannis Panagakis , Stefanos Zafeiriou

Electroencephalography (EEG) serves as a reliable and objective signal for emotion recognition in affective brain-computer interfaces, offering unique advantages through its high temporal resolution and ability to capture authentic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Yueyang Li , Shengyu Gong , Weiming Zeng , Nizhuan Wang , Wai Ting Siok

While there are many advantages to deploying machine learning models on edge devices, the resource constraints of mobile platforms, the dynamic nature of the environment, and differences between the distribution of training versus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Cynthia Dong , Hong Jia , Young D. Kwon , Georgios Rizos , Cecilia Mascolo

This paper proposes a novel online evaluation protocol for Test Time Adaptation (TTA) methods, which penalizes slower methods by providing them with fewer samples for adaptation. TTA methods leverage unlabeled data at test time to adapt to…

EEG-based tinnitus classification is a valuable tool for tinnitus diagnosis, research, and treatments. Most current works are limited to a single dataset where data patterns are similar. But EEG signals are highly non-stationary, resulting…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-08 Yun Li , Zhe Liu , Lina Yao , Jessica J. M. Monaghan , David McAlpine
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