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Confidential Computing enhances privacy of data in-use through hardware-based Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) that use attestation to verify their integrity, authenticity, and certain runtime properties, along with those of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Ceren Kocaoğullar , Tina Marjanov , Ivan Petrov , Ben Laurie , Al Cutter , Christoph Kern , Alice Hutchings , Alastair R. Beresford

Tool-augmented AI agents substantially extend the practical capabilities of large language models, but they also introduce security risks that cannot be identified through model-only evaluation. In this paper, we present a systematic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Yuhang Wang , Haichang Gao , Zhenxing Niu , Zhaoxiang Liu , Wenjing Zhang , Xiang Wang , Shiguo Lian

Embodied Artificial Intelligence (Embodied AI) integrates perception, cognition, planning, and interaction into agents that operate in open-world, safety-critical environments. As these systems gain autonomy and enter domains such as…

The ongoing trend of moving data and computation to the cloud is met with concerns regarding privacy and protection of intellectual property. Cloud Service Providers (CSP) must be fully trusted to not tamper with or disclose processed data,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Luca Wilke , Jan Wichelmann , Florian Sieck , Thomas Eisenbarth

Modern open-world agents such as OpenClaw exhibit powerful cross-environment execution capabilities yet introduce broad new safety risk sources. Meanwhile, advanced frontier AI models drastically lower attack barriers, rendering current…

A major challenge to deploying cyber-physical systems with learning-enabled controllers is to ensure their safety, especially in the face of changing environments that necessitate runtime knowledge acquisition. Model-checking and automated…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Yao Feng , Jun Zhu , André Platzer , Jonathan Laurent

Adapting pre-trained deep learning models to customized tasks has become a popular choice for developers to cope with limited computational resources and data volume. More specifically, probing--training a downstream head on a pre-trained…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Ruyi Ding , Tong Zhou , Lili Su , Aidong Adam Ding , Xiaolin Xu , Yunsi Fei

Federated learning is an emerging privacy-preserving AI technique where clients (i.e., organisations or devices) train models locally and formulate a global model based on the local model updates without transferring local data externally.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Sin Kit Lo , Yue Liu , Qinghua Lu , Chen Wang , Xiwei Xu , Hye-Young Paik , Liming Zhu

Tool-augmented Large Language Model (LLM) agents have demonstrated impressive capabilities in automating complex, multi-step real-world tasks, yet remain vulnerable to indirect prompt injection. Adversaries exploit this weakness by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wei Zhao , Zhe Li , Peixin Zhang , Jun Sun

Existing attestation mechanisms lack scalability and support for heterogeneous virtual execution environments (VEEs), such as virtual machines and containers executed inside or outside hardware isolation on different vendors' hardware in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Wojciech Ozga , Patricia Sagmeister , Tamás Visegrády , Silvio Dragone

Decentralized, agentic AI marketplaces are rapidly emerging to support software engineering tasks such as debugging, patch generation, and security auditing, often operating without centralized oversight. However, existing reputation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Mohd Sameen Chishti , Damilare Peter Oyinloye , Jingyue Li

Current benchmarks for AI clinician systems, often based on multiple-choice exams or manual rubrics, fail to capture the depth, robustness, and safety required for real-world clinical practice. To address this, we introduce the GAPS…

The systematic assessment of AI systems is increasingly vital as these technologies enter high-stakes domains. To address this, the EU's Artificial Intelligence Act introduces AI Regulatory Sandboxes (AIRS): supervised environments where AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Alessio Buscemi , Thibault Simonetto , Daniele Pagani , German Castignani , Maxime Cordy , Jordi Cabot

Autonomous agent frameworks built upon large language models (LLMs) are evolving into complex, tool-integrated, and continuously operating systems, introducing security risks beyond traditional prompt-level vulnerabilities. As this paradigm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Luyao Xu , Xiang Chen

We present Claw AI Lab, a lab-native autonomous research platform that advances automated research from a hidden prompt-to-paper pipeline into an interactive AI laboratory. Rather than centering the system around a single agent or a fixed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Fan Wu , Cheng Chen , Zhenshan Tan , Taiyu Zhang , Xinzhen Xu , Yanyu Qian , Dingcheng Gao , Lanyun Zhu , Qi Zhu , Yi Tan , Deyi Ji , Guosheng Lin , Tianrun Chen , Deheng Ye , Fayao Liu

AI-native software development is often evaluated at the level of individual models, prompts, or generated artifacts. This framing is insufficient for production environments where software must be continuously produced, verified, deployed,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Satadru Sengupta , Tamunokorite Briggs , Ivan Myshakivskyi

Attestation means providing evidence that a remote target system is worthy of trust for some sensitive interaction. Although attestation is already used in network access control, security management, and trusted execution environments, it…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Will Thomas , Logan Schmalz , Adam Petz , Perry Alexander , Joshua D. Guttman , Paul D. Rowe , James Carter

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems grow more powerful, autonomous, and embedded in critical infrastructure, their identification and traceability become foundational to regulatory oversight and sustainable digital governance. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Di Kevin Gao , Jingdao Chen , Shahram Rahimi

Embodied AI systems, including AI-powered robots that autonomously interact with the physical world, stand to be significantly advanced by Large Language Models (LLMs), which enable robots to better understand complex language commands and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Wenxiao Zhang , Xiangrui Kong , Thomas Braunl , Jin B. Hong

Despite its ever-increasing impact, security is not considered as a design objective in commercial electronic design automation (EDA) tools. This results in vulnerabilities being overlooked during the software-hardware design process.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Lennart M. Reimann , Jonathan Wiesner , Dominik Sisejkovic , Farhad Merchant , Rainer Leupers
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