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As Vision-Language Models (VLMs) increasingly gain traction in medical applications, clinicians are progressively expecting AI systems not only to generate textual diagnoses but also to produce corresponding medical images that integrate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Junjie Yang , Yuhao Yan , Gang Wu , Yuxuan Wang , Ruoyu Liang , Xinjie Jiang , Xiang Wan , Fenglei Fan , Yongquan Zhang , Feiwei Qin , Changmiao Wang

This work contributes to the field of Machine Ethics (ME) benchmarking, which develops tests to assess whether intelligent systems accurately represent human values and act accordingly. We identify three major issues with current ME…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Kira Sam , Raja Vavekanand

Generative AI tools are increasingly entering academic peer review workflows, raising questions about fairness, accountability, and the legitimacy of evaluative judgment. While these systems promise efficiency gains amid growing reviewer…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Tatiana Chakravorti , Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Sourojit Ghosh , Sarah Rajtmajer

Recent advances in multi-modal generative models have enabled significant progress in instruction-based image editing. However, while these models produce visually plausible outputs, their capacity for knowledge-based reasoning editing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Yongliang Wu , Zonghui Li , Xinting Hu , Xinyu Ye , Xianfang Zeng , Gang Yu , Wenbo Zhu , Bernt Schiele , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Xu Yang

Artificial intelligence has demonstrated significant potential in clinical decision-making; however, developing models capable of adapting to diverse real-world scenarios and performing complex diagnostic reasoning remains a major…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Ronghao Xu , Zhen Huang , Yangbo Wei , Xiaoqian Zhou , Zikang Xu , Ting Liu , Zihang Jiang , S. Kevin Zhou

When a cognitive system modifies its own functioning, what exactly does it modify: a low-level rule, a control rule, or the norm that evaluates its own revisions? Cognitive science describes executive control, metacognition, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Florentin Koch

As frontier Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly saturate new benchmarks shortly after they are published, benchmarking itself is at a juncture: if frontier models keep improving, it will become increasingly hard for humans to generate…

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are deployed as collaborators in human decision-making. Yet, evaluation practices focus primarily on model accuracy rather than whether human-AI teams are prepared to collaborate safely and effectively.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Min Hun Lee

AI models of equivalent capability can exhibit fundamentally different behavioral patterns, yet no standardized instrument exists to measure these dispositional differences. Existing approaches either borrow human personality dimensions and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Jihoon Jeong

Ensembles are popular methods for solving practical supervised learning problems. They reduce the risk of having underperforming models in production-grade software. Although critical, methods for learning heterogeneous regression ensembles…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-18 Jihed Khiari , Luis Moreira-Matias , Ammar Shaker , Bernard Zenko , Saso Dzeroski

When making strategic decisions, we are often confronted with overwhelming information to process. The situation can be further complicated when some pieces of evidence are contradicted each other or paradoxical. The challenge then becomes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Caesar Wu , Yuan-Fang Lib , Pascal Bouvry

Previous research has primarily focused on the cognitive error detection capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), often prompting them to analyze mistakes in reasoning chains. However, few studies have examined the meta-cognitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ziyang Ma , Qingyue Yuan , Zhenglin Wang , Deyu Zhou

Metacognitive knowledge refers to humans' intuitive knowledge of their own thinking and reasoning processes. Today's best LLMs clearly possess some reasoning processes. The paper gives evidence that they also have metacognitive knowledge,…

How is it that humans can solve complex planning tasks so efficiently despite limited cognitive resources? One reason is its ability to know how to use its limited computational resources to make clever choices. We postulate that people…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Ruiqi He , Falk Lieder

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted as the core of agent frameworks in various scenarios, such as social simulations and AI companions. However, the extent to which they can replicate human-like motivations remains an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Xixian Yong , Jianxun Lian , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xiao Zhou , Xing Xie

Knowledge augmentation has significantly enhanced the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive tasks. However, existing methods typically operate on the simplistic premise that model performance equates with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Hao Chen , Ye He , Yuchun Fan , Yukun Yan , Zhenghao Liu , Qingfu Zhu , Maosong Sun , Wanxiang Che

Building robots that can perceive, reason, and act in dynamic, unstructured environments remains a core challenge. Recent embodied systems often adopt a dual-system paradigm, where System 2 handles high-level reasoning while System 1…

Reference labels for machine-learning benchmarks are increasingly synthesized with LLM assistance, but their reliability remains underexamined. We audit MedCalc-Bench, a clinical benchmark for medical score computation whose labels were…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Junze Ye , Daniel Tawfik , Alex J. Goodell , Nikhil V. Kotha , Mark K. Buyyounouski , Mohsen Bayati

In the rapidly evolving field of artificial intelligence (AI), traditional benchmarks can fall short in attempting to capture the nuanced capabilities of AI models. We focus on the case of physical world modeling and propose a novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Sasha Mitts

Detecting mental health crisis situations such as suicide ideation, rape, domestic violence, child abuse, and sexual harassment is a critical yet underexplored challenge for language models. When such situations arise during user--model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Grace Byun , Rebecca Lipschutz , Sean T. Minton , Abigail Lott , Jinho D. Choi