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Large Language Models (LLMs) often produce incorrect answers on multi-hop question answering even when the reasoning trace already contains a correct intermediate conclusion. We attribute this gap to weak self-regulation rather than…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ik-hwan Kim , Hyeongrok Han , Mingi Jung , Sangwon Yu , Jinseok Hong , Sang Hun Kim , Yoonyoung Choi , Sungroh Yoon

The rapid development of Multi-modality Large Language Models (MLLMs) has significantly influenced various aspects of industry and daily life, showcasing impressive capabilities in visual perception and understanding. However, these models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Yinan Sun , Zicheng Zhang , Haoning Wu , Xiaohong Liu , Weisi Lin , Guangtao Zhai , Xiongkuo Min

Objective: This study develops a systematic benchmarking framework for testing whether language models can accurately identify constructs of interest in child welfare records. The objective is to assess how different model sizes and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zia Qi , Brian E. Perron , Bryan G. Victor , Dragan Stoll , Joseph P. Ryan

Instruction-following is a foundational capability of large language models (LLMs), with its improvement hinging on scalable and accurate feedback from judge models. However, the reliability of current judge models in instruction-following…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Bosi Wen , Yilin Niu , Cunxiang Wang , Xiaoying Ling , Ying Zhang , Pei Ke , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

Do large language models (LLMs) exhibit any forms of awareness similar to humans? In this paper, we introduce AwareBench, a benchmark designed to evaluate awareness in LLMs. Drawing from theories in psychology and philosophy, we define…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Yuan Li , Yue Huang , Yuli Lin , Siyuan Wu , Yao Wan , Lichao Sun

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) mark a shift from non-thinking models to post-trained reasoning models capable of solving complex problems through thinking. However, whether such thinking mitigates hallucinations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Zhidian Huang , Zijun Yao , Ji Qi , Shangqing Tu , Junxian Ma , Jinxin Liu , Weichuan Liu , Xiaoyin Che , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Next-generation AI must manage vast personal data, diverse tools, and multi-step reasoning, yet most benchmarks remain context-free and single-turn. We present ASTRA-bench (Assistant Skills in Tool-use, Reasoning \& Action-planning), a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zidi Xiu , David Q. Sun , Kevin Cheng , Maitrik Patel , Josh Date , Yizhe Zhang , Jiarui Lu , Omar Attia , Raviteja Vemulapalli , Oncel Tuzel , Meng Cao , Samy Bengio

Large reasoning models (LRMs) already possess a latent capacity for long chain-of-thought reasoning. Prior work has shown that outcome-based reinforcement learning (RL) can incidentally elicit advanced reasoning behaviors such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Zhiyuan Hu , Yibo Wang , Hanze Dong , Yuhui Xu , Amrita Saha , Caiming Xiong , Bryan Hooi , Junnan Li

Benchmarks like Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) have played a pivotal role in evaluating AI's knowledge and abilities across diverse domains. However, existing benchmarks predominantly focus on content knowledge, leaving a…

This study quantitively examines which features of AI-generated text lead humans to perceive subjective consciousness in large language model (LLM)-based AI systems. Drawing on 99 passages from conversations with Claude 3 Opus and focusing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Bongsu Kang , Jundong Kim , Tae-Rim Yun , Hyojin Bae , Chang-Eop Kim

In this paper, we develop the position that current frameworks for evaluating emotional intelligence (EI) in artificial intelligence (AI) systems need refinement because they do not adequately or comprehensively measure the various aspects…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Max Parks , Kheli Atluru , Meera Vinod , Mike Kuniavsky , Jud Brewer , Sean White , Sarah Adler , Wendy Ju

Reasoning and strategic behavior in social interactions is a hallmark of intelligence. This form of reasoning is significantly more sophisticated than isolated planning or reasoning tasks in static settings (e.g., math problem solving). In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Jianzhu Yao , Kevin Wang , Ryan Hsieh , Haisu Zhou , Tianqing Zou , Zerui Cheng , Zhangyang Wang , Pramod Viswanath

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have broadened the scope of AI applications. Existing automatic evaluation methodologies for MLLMs are mainly limited in evaluating queries without considering user experiences, inadequately…

Humans can imagine and manipulate visual images mentally, a capability known as spatial visualization. While many multi-modal benchmarks assess reasoning on visible visual information, the ability to infer unseen relationships through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Siting Wang , Minnan Pei , Luoyang Sun , Cheng Deng , Yuchen Li , Kun Shao , Zheng Tian , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang

Can language models (LMs) self-refine their own responses? This question is increasingly relevant as a wide range of real-world user interactions involve refinement requests. However, prior studies have largely tested LMs' refinement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Young-Jun Lee , Seungone Kim , Byung-Kwan Lee , Minkyeong Moon , Yechan Hwang , Jong Myoung Kim , Graham Neubig , Sean Welleck , Ho-Jin Choi

Recent advances in Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled unified processing of language, vision, and structured inputs, opening the door to complex tasks such as logical deduction, spatial reasoning, and scientific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Guiyao Tie , Xueyang Zhou , Tianhe Gu , Ruihang Zhang , Chaoran Hu , Sizhe Zhang , Mengqu Sun , Yan Zhang , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun

Are frontier AI systems becoming more capable? Certainly. Yet such progress is not an unalloyed blessing but rather a Trojan horse: behind their performance leaps lie more insidious and destructive safety risks, namely deception. Unlike…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Sitong Fang , Shiyi Hou , Kaile Wang , Boyuan Chen , Donghai Hong , Jiayi Zhou , Josef Dai , Yaodong Yang , Jiaming Ji

Earlier-stage evaluations of a new AI architecture/system need affordable benchmarks. Only using a few AI component benchmarks like MLPerfalone in the other stages may lead to misleading conclusions. Moreover, the learning dynamics are not…

AI agents hold the potential to revolutionize scientific productivity by automating literature reviews, replicating experiments, analyzing data, and even proposing new directions of inquiry; indeed, there are now many such agents, ranging…

Reward models play an essential role in training vision-language models (VLMs) by assessing output quality to enable aligning with human preferences. Despite their importance, the research community lacks comprehensive open benchmarks for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Michihiro Yasunaga , Luke Zettlemoyer , Marjan Ghazvininejad