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Motivated by ethical and legal concerns, the scientific community is actively developing methods to limit the misuse of Text-to-Image diffusion models for reproducing copyrighted, violent, explicit, or personal information in the generated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Vitali Petsiuk , Kate Saenko

Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models (DMs) have shown promise in generating high-quality images from textual descriptions. The real-world applications of these models require particular attention to their safety and fidelity, but this has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Hongcheng Gao , Hao Zhang , Yinpeng Dong , Zhijie Deng

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) achieve strong reasoning and perception capabilities but are increasingly vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. While existing work focuses on explicit attacks, where malicious content resides in a single…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Xu Zhang , Hao Li , Zhichao Lu

In recent years, Text-to-Image (T2I) models have seen remarkable advancements, gaining widespread adoption. However, this progress has inadvertently opened avenues for potential misuse, particularly in generating inappropriate or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yijun Yang , Ruiyuan Gao , Xiaosen Wang , Tsung-Yi Ho , Nan Xu , Qiang Xu

Large-scale pre-training frameworks like CLIP have revolutionized multimodal learning, but their reliance on web-scraped datasets, frequently containing private user data, raises serious concerns about misuse. Unlearnable Examples (UEs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Xingjun Ma , Hanxun Huang , Tianwei Song , Ye Sun , Yifeng Gao , Yu-Gang Jiang

As text-to-image (T2I) models advance and gain widespread adoption, their associated safety concerns are becoming increasingly critical. Malicious users exploit these models to generate Not-Safe-for-Work (NSFW) images using harmful or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Yiming Wang , Jiahao Chen , Qingming Li , Tong Zhang , Rui Zeng , Xing Yang , Shouling Ji

Despite the impressive capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in various tasks, their vulnerability to unsafe prompts remains a critical issue. These prompts can lead LLMs to generate responses on illegal or sensitive topics, posing a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Jinseok Kim , Jaewon Jung , Sangyeop Kim , Sohyung Park , Sungzoon Cho

Various AI safety datasets have been developed to measure LLMs against evolving interpretations of harm. Our evaluation of five recently published open-source safety benchmarks reveals distinct semantic clusters using UMAP dimensionality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Jonathan Bennion , Shaona Ghosh , Mantek Singh , Nouha Dziri

Ensuring the safety and alignment of Large Language Models is a significant challenge with their growing integration into critical applications and societal functions. While prior research has primarily focused on jailbreak attacks, less…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jiawei Chen , Zhengwei Fang , Yu Tian , Jiawei Du , Chao Yu , Zhaoxia Yin , Hang Su

Ultra-low bitrate image compression is a challenging and demanding topic. With the development of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), a Cross Modality Compression (CMC) paradigm of Image-Text-Image has emerged. Compared with traditional codecs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Chunyi Li , Xiele Wu , Haoning Wu , Donghui Feng , Zicheng Zhang , Guo Lu , Xiongkuo Min , Xiaohong Liu , Guangtao Zhai , Weisi Lin

Text-to-Audio-Video (T2AV) generation aims to synthesize temporally coherent video and semantically synchronized audio from natural language, yet its evaluation remains fragmented, often relying on unimodal metrics or narrowly scoped…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Zhe Cao , Tao Wang , Jiaming Wang , Yanghai Wang , Yuanxing Zhang , Jialu Chen , Miao Deng , Jiahao Wang , Yubin Guo , Chenxi Liao , Yize Zhang , Zhaoxiang Zhang , Jiaheng Liu

Text-to-Image (T2I) models have raised security concerns due to their potential to generate inappropriate or harmful images. In this paper, we propose UPAM, a novel framework that investigates the robustness of T2I models from the attack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Duo Peng , Qiuhong Ke , Jun Liu

Large language models (LLMs) excel in diverse applications but face dual challenges: generating harmful content under jailbreak attacks and over-refusal of benign queries due to rigid safety mechanisms. These issues are further complicated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yifan Xia , Guorui Chen , Wenqian Yu , Zhijiang Li , Philip Torr , Jindong Gu

We propose T2I-ReasonBench, a benchmark evaluating reasoning capabilities of text-to-image (T2I) models. It consists of four dimensions: Idiom Interpretation, Textual Image Design, Entity-Reasoning and Scientific-Reasoning. We propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Kaiyue Sun , Rongyao Fang , Chengqi Duan , Xian Liu , Xihui Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in various applications. As their usage grows, concerns regarding their safety are rising, especially in maintaining harmless responses when faced with malicious instructions. Many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Yanrui Du , Sendong Zhao , Danyang Zhao , Ming Ma , Yuhan Chen , Liangyu Huo , Qing Yang , Dongliang Xu , Bing Qin

Various (text) prompt filters and (image) safety checkers have been implemented to mitigate the misuse of Text-to-Image (T2I) models in creating Not-Safe-For-Work (NSFW) content. In order to expose potential security vulnerabilities of such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Song Yan , Hui Wei , Jinlong Fei , Guoliang Yang , Zhengyu Zhao , Zheng Wang

Recently, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have emerged as a unified paradigm for language and image generation. Compared with diffusion models, MLLMs possess a much stronger capability for semantic understanding, enabling them to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Ye Leng , Junjie Chu , Mingjie Li , Chenhao Lin , Chao Shen , Michael Backes , Yun Shen , Yang Zhang

Multi-sensor fusion systems (MSFs) play a vital role as the perception module in modern autonomous vehicles (AVs). Therefore, ensuring their robustness against common and realistic adversarial semantic transformations, such as rotation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Zijian Huang , Wenda Chu , Linyi Li , Chejian Xu , Bo Li

Safety alignment in large language models (LLMs) is primarily evaluated under open-ended generation, where models can mitigate risk by refusing to respond. In contrast, many real-world applications place LLMs in structured decision-making…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuheng Chen , Zhiyu Wu , Bowen Cheng , Tetsuro Takahashi

Recent advancements in text-to-image (T2I) models have unlocked a wide range of applications but also present significant risks, particularly in their potential to generate unsafe content. To mitigate this issue, researchers have developed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Yong-Hyun Park , Sangdoo Yun , Jin-Hwa Kim , Junho Kim , Geonhui Jang , Yonghyun Jeong , Junghyo Jo , Gayoung Lee