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Studying the robustness of Large Language Models (LLMs) to unsafe behaviors is an important topic of research today. Building safety classification models or guard models, which are fine-tuned models for input/output safety classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Sowmya Vajjala

Text-to-Image (T2I) models have gained widespread adoption across various applications. Despite the success, the potential misuse of T2I models poses significant risks of generating Not-Safe-For-Work (NSFW) content. To investigate the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Xinqi Lyu , Yihao Liu , Yanjie Li , Bin Xiao

Recent advancements in visual context compression enable MLLMs to process ultra-long contexts efficiently by rendering text into images. However, we identify a critical vulnerability inherent to this paradigm: lowering image resolution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zhixue Song , Boyan Han , Yiwei Wang , Chi Zhang

As Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) becomes increasingly integrated into various facets of human life, ensuring the safety and ethical alignment of such systems is paramount. Previous studies primarily focus on single-modality threats,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Siyin Wang , Xingsong Ye , Qinyuan Cheng , Junwen Duan , Shimin Li , Jinlan Fu , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang

Text-to-image generation models have recently attracted unprecedented attention as they unlatch imaginative applications in all areas of life. However, developing such models requires huge amounts of data that might contain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Yixin Wu , Ning Yu , Zheng Li , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

Despite remarkable progress in Text-to-Image models, many real-world applications require generating coherent image sets with diverse consistency requirements. Existing consistent methods often focus on a specific domain with specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Chengyou Jia , Xin Shen , Zhuohang Dang , Zhuohang Dang , Changliang Xia , Weijia Wu , Xinyu Zhang , Hangwei Qian , Ivor W. Tsang , Minnan Luo

Internet memes are a powerful form of online communication, yet their nature and reliance on commonsense knowledge make toxicity detection challenging. Identifying key features for meme interpretation and understanding, is a crucial task.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Stefano De Giorgis , Ting-Chih Chen , Filip Ilievski

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, which can elicit harmful responses from MLLMs. Many MLLMs support multi-image inputs, inadvertently introducing new vulnerabilities due to less efforts on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Wenzhuo Xu , Zhipeng Wei , Zonghao Ying , Deyue Zhang , Dongdong Yang , Xiangzheng Zhang , Quanchen Zou

With the integration of an additional modality, large vision-language models (LVLMs) exhibit greater vulnerability to safety risks (e.g., jailbreaking) compared to their language-only predecessors. Although recent studies have devoted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Ziwei Zheng , Junyao Zhao , Le Yang , Lijun He , Fan Li

Safety alignment in large language models (LLMs) is commonly implemented as a single static policy embedded in model parameters. However, real-world deployments often require context-dependent safety rules that vary across users, regions,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Jingyu Peng , Hongyu Chen , Jiancheng Dong , Maolin Wang , Wenxi Li , Yuchen Li , Kai Zhang , Xiangyu Zhao

Modern text-to-speech (TTS) systems, particularly those built on Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs), generate high-fidelity speech that faithfully reproduces input text and mimics specified speaker identities. While prior misuse studies…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Guangke Chen , Yuhui Wang , Shouling Ji , Xiapu Luo , Ting Wang

State-of-the-art T2I models are capable of generating high-resolution images given textual prompts. However, they still struggle with accurately depicting compositional scenes that specify multiple objects, attributes, and spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Yixin Wan , Kai-Wei Chang

Text embedding inversion attacks reconstruct original sentences from latent representations, posing severe privacy threats in collaborative inference and edge computing. We propose TextCrafter, an optimization-based adversarial perturbation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Duoxun Tang , Xinhang Jiang , Jiajun Niu

Ethical issues around text-to-image (T2I) models demand a comprehensive control over the generative content. Existing techniques addressing these issues for responsible T2I models aim for the generated content to be fair and safe…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Basim Azam , Naveed Akhtar

Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have the ability to build high-quality pictures from text prompts, but they pose safety concerns because they can generate offensive or disturbing imagery when provided with harmful inputs. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Chi Zhang , Changjia Zhu , Xiaowen Li , Yao Liu , Zhuo Lu

Recent advances in large audio language models (LALMs) have primarily been assessed using a multiple-choice question answering (MCQA) framework. However, subtle changes, such as shifting the order of choices, result in substantially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Fernando López , Santosh Kesiraju , Jordi Luque

Deep learning techniques have enabled vast improvements in computer vision technologies. Nevertheless, these models are vulnerable to adversarial patch attacks which catastrophically impair performance. The physically realizable nature of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Dennis Jacob , Chong Xiang , Prateek Mittal

Text-to-image (T2I) models can be maliciously used to generate harmful content such as sexually explicit, unfaithful, and misleading or Not-Safe-for-Work (NSFW) images. Previous attacks largely depend on the availability of the diffusion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jiachen Ma , Yijiang Li , Zhiqing Xiao , Anda Cao , Jie Zhang , Chao Ye , Junbo Zhao

Text-to-image (T2I) models are increasingly popular, producing a large share of AI-generated images online. To compare model quality, voting-based leaderboards have become the standard, relying on anonymized model outputs for fairness. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Ali Naseh , Yuefeng Peng , Anshuman Suri , Harsh Chaudhari , Alina Oprea , Amir Houmansadr

With the rise of text-to-image (T2I) generative AI models reaching wide audiences, it is critical to evaluate model robustness against non-obvious attacks to mitigate the generation of offensive images. By focusing on ``implicitly…

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