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Large Language Models (LLMs) can make up answers that are not real, and this is known as hallucination. This research aims to see if, how, and to what extent LLMs are aware of hallucination. More specifically, we check whether and how an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Hanyu Duan , Yi Yang , Kar Yan Tam

Large language models (LLMs) are known to "hallucinate" by generating false or misleading outputs. Hallucinations pose various harms, from erosion of trust to widespread misinformation. Existing hallucination evaluation, however, focuses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Prakhar Ganesh , Reza Shokri , Golnoosh Farnadi

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable advancements in numerous areas such as multimedia. However, hallucination issues significantly limit their credibility and application potential. Existing mitigation methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Wenhao Li , Xiu Su , Jingyi Wu , Feng Yang , Yang Liu , Yi Chen , Shan You , Chang Xu

Large vision-language models show tremendous potential in understanding visual information through human languages. However, they are prone to suffer from object hallucination, i.e., the generated image descriptions contain objects that do…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Jiaqi Bai , Hongcheng Guo , Zhongyuan Peng , Jian Yang , Zhoujun Li , Mohan Li , Zhihong Tian

Large language model (LLM) hallucinations, meaning fluent but factually incorrect generations, fall into two types: faithfulness violations, where the model misuses provided context, and factuality violations, where answers reflect errors…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ivo Brink , Alexander Boer , Dennis Ulmer

Although large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success, their practical application is often hindered by the generation of non-factual content, which is called "hallucination". Ensuring the reliability of LLMs' outputs is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yue Ding , Xiaofang Zhu , Tianze Xia , Junfei Wu , Xinlong Chen , Qiang Liu , Liang Wang

Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) - instances where models generate plausible but factually incorrect information - present a significant challenge for AI. We introduce "Ask a Local", a novel hallucination detection method…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Aldan Creo , Héctor Cerezo-Costas , Pedro Alonso-Doval , Maximiliano Hormazábal-Lagos

While reinforcement learning has unlocked unprecedented complex reasoning in large language models, it has also amplified their propensity for hallucination, creating a critical trade-off between capability and reliability. This work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yudong Wang , Zhe Yang , Wenhan Ma , Zhifang Sui , Liang Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to hallucinate and generate non-factual outputs which can undermine user trust. Traditional methods to directly mitigate hallucinations, such as representation editing and contrastive decoding, often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Prasenjit Dey , Srujana Merugu , Sivaramakrishnan Kaveri

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved significant progress in integrating visual and textual inputs for multimodal reasoning. However, a recurring challenge is ensuring these models utilize visual information as effectively as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Estelle Aflalo , Gabriela Ben Melech Stan , Tiep Le , Man Luo , Shachar Rosenman , Sayak Paul , Shao-Yen Tseng , Vasudev Lal

Hallucinations are a type of output error produced by deep neural networks. While this has been studied in natural language processing, they have not been researched previously in automatic speech recognition. Here, we define hallucinations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Rita Frieske , Bertram E. Shi

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in high-stakes applications, robust uncertainty estimation is essential for ensuring the safe and trustworthy deployment of LLMs. We present the most comprehensive study to date of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Linwei Tao , Yi-Fan Yeh , Minjing Dong , Tao Huang , Philip Torr , Chang Xu

Hallucinations are a persistent problem with Large Language Models (LLMs). As these models become increasingly used in high-stakes domains, such as healthcare and finance, the need for effective hallucination detection is crucial. To this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Dylan Bouchard , Mohit Singh Chauhan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been transformative across many domains. However, hallucination, i.e., confidently outputting incorrect information, remains one of the leading challenges for LLMs. This raises the question of how to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Toghrul Abbasli , Kentaroh Toyoda , Yuan Wang , Leon Witt , Muhammad Asif Ali , Yukai Miao , Dan Li , Qingsong Wei

Despite the many advances of Large Language Models (LLMs) and their unprecedented rapid evolution, their impact and integration into every facet of our daily lives is limited due to various reasons. One critical factor hindering their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Yakir Yehuda , Itzik Malkiel , Oren Barkan , Jonathan Weill , Royi Ronen , Noam Koenigstein

Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) have recently become a significant problem. A recent effort in this direction is a shared task at Semeval 2024 Task 6, SHROOM, a Shared-task on Hallucinations and Related Observable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Rahul Mehta , Andrew Hoblitzell , Jack O'Keefe , Hyeju Jang , Vasudeva Varma

Vision language models (VLM) demonstrate sophisticated multimodal reasoning yet are prone to hallucination when confronted with knowledge conflicts, impeding their deployment in information-sensitive contexts. While existing research…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Peter Carragher , Nikitha Rao , Abhinand Jha , R Raghav , Kathleen M. Carley

Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) produce fluent continuations that are not supported by the prompt, especially under minimal contextual cues and ambiguity. We introduce Distributional Semantics Tracing (DST), a model-native…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Gagan Bhatia , Somayajulu G Sripada , Kevin Allan , Jacobo Azcona

Recent work has demonstrated state-of-the-art results in large language model (LLM) hallucination detection and mitigation through consistency-based approaches which involve aggregating multiple responses sampled from a single LLM for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Demian Till , John Smeaton , Peter Haubrick , Gouse Saheb , Florian Graef , David Berman

Despite the great advancement of Language modeling in recent days, Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT3 are notorious for generating non-factual responses, so-called "hallucination" problems. Existing methods for detecting and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Seongho Joo , Kyungmin Min , Jahyun Koo , Kyomin Jung