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It is increasingly important to enable privacy-preserving inference for cloud services based on Transformers. Post-quantum cryptographic techniques, e.g., fully homomorphic encryption (FHE), and multi-party computation (MPC), are popular…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Mengxin Zheng , Qian Lou , Lei Jiang

Neural networks, with the capability to provide efficient predictive models, have been widely used in medical, financial, and other fields, bringing great convenience to our lives. However, the high accuracy of the model requires a large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Zhengqiang Ge , Zhipeng Zhou , Dong Guo , Qiang Li

With the increasing deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) on mobile and edge platforms, securing them against model extraction attacks has become a pressing concern. However, protecting model privacy without sacrificing the performance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Tushar Nayan , Ziqi Zhang , Ruimin Sun

Secure multi-party computation (MPC) is a broad cryptographic concept that can be adopted for privacy-preserving computation. With MPC, a number of parties can collaboratively compute a function, without revealing the actual input or output…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Zhou Ni , Rujia Wang

In this manuscript, we explore the application of model-free reinforcement learning in optimizing secure multiparty computation (SMPC) protocols. SMPC is a crucial tool for performing computations on private data without the need to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-10 Javad Sayyadi , Mahdi Nangir , Mahmood Mohassel Feghhi , Hamid Sayyadi

LLM cascades and model routing promise lower inference cost by sending easy queries to a small model and escalating hard ones to a large model, but most deployed routers use uncalibrated confidence scores and require per-workload threshold…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Varun Kotte

Secure Multiparty Computation (MPC) can improve the security and privacy of data owners while allowing analysts to perform high quality analytics. Secure aggregation is a secure distributed mechanism to support federated deep learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Timothy Stevens , Joseph Near , Christian Skalka

We present CrypTFlow, a first of its kind system that converts TensorFlow inference code into Secure Multi-party Computation (MPC) protocols at the push of a button. To do this, we build three components. Our first component, Athos, is an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Nishant Kumar , Mayank Rathee , Nishanth Chandran , Divya Gupta , Aseem Rastogi , Rahul Sharma

We present a framework for experimenting with secure multi-party computation directly in TensorFlow. By doing so we benefit from several properties valuable to both researchers and practitioners, including tight integration with ordinary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-24 Morten Dahl , Jason Mancuso , Yann Dupis , Ben Decoste , Morgan Giraud , Ian Livingstone , Justin Patriquin , Gavin Uhma

As modern networks grow increasingly complex--driven by diverse devices, encrypted protocols, and evolving threats--network traffic analysis has become critically important. Existing machine learning models often rely only on a single…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Binghui Wu , Dinil Mon Divakaran , Mohan Gurusamy

In this paper, we study the problem of secure ML inference against a malicious client and a semi-trusted server such that the client only learns the inference output while the server learns nothing. This problem is first formulated by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Guowen Xu , Xingshuo Han , Tianwei Zhang , Shengmin Xu , Jianting Ning , Xinyi Huang , Hongwei Li , Robert H. Deng

Despite their capabilities, large foundation models (LFMs) remain susceptible to adversarial manipulation. Current defenses predominantly rely on the "locality hypothesis", suppressing isolated neurons or features. However, harmful…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Chuancheng Shi , Shangze Li , Wenjun Lu , Wenhua Wu , Cong Wang , Zifeng Cheng , Fei Shen , Tat-Seng Chua

With the growing deployment of pre-trained models like Transformers on cloud platforms, privacy concerns about model parameters and inference data are intensifying. Existing Privacy-Preserving Transformer Inference (PPTI) frameworks face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Jinglong Luo , Guanzhong Chen , Yehong Zhang , Shiyu Liu , Hui Wang , Yue Yu , Xun Zhou , Yuan Qi , Zenglin Xu

An infrastructure network is a self-organizing network which uses Access Point (AP) of wireless links that connecting one node with another. These nodes can communicate without using ad hoc, instead these nodes form an arbitrary topology…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2013-07-15 K. Karnavel , M. Sakthivel , L. Karuppasamy

As security demands increase, the importance of secure computation technologies grows, yet these technologies can often seem overwhelming to practitioners. Furthermore, many approaches focus only on a single technology, potentially…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Marcus Taubert , Adam Skuta , Thomas Loruenser

ML-as-a-service continues to grow, and so does the need for very strong privacy guarantees. Secure inference has emerged as a potential solution, wherein cryptographic primitives allow inference without revealing users' inputs to a model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Vinod Ganesan , Anwesh Bhattacharya , Pratyush Kumar , Divya Gupta , Rahul Sharma , Nishanth Chandran

Binarized Neural Networks (BNN) offer efficient implementations for machine learning tasks and facilitate Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning (PPML) by simplifying operations with binary values. Nevertheless, challenges persist in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Benchang Dong , Zhili Chen , Xin Chen , Shiwen Wei , Jie Fu , Huifa Li

Outsourcing decision tree inference services to the cloud is highly beneficial, yet raises critical privacy concerns on the proprietary decision tree of the model provider and the private input data of the client. In this paper, we design,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Yifeng Zheng , Cong Wang , Ruochen Wang , Huayi Duan , Surya Nepal

This paper considers secure energy-efficient routing in the presence of multiple passive eavesdroppers. Previous work in this area has considered secure routing assuming probabilistic or exact knowledge of the location and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Azadeh Sheikholeslami , Majid Ghaderi , Hossein Pishro-Nik , Dennis Goeckel

Highly accurate datasets from numerical or physical experiments are often expensive and time-consuming to acquire, posing a significant challenge for applications that require precise evaluations, potentially across multiple scenarios and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Paolo Conti , Mengwu Guo , Attilio Frangi , Andrea Manzoni