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Background: Empathy is widely recognized for improving patient outcomes, including reduced pain and anxiety and improved satisfaction, and its absence can cause harm. Meanwhile, use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbots in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Alastair Howcroft , Amber Bennett-Weston , Ahmad Khan , Joseff Griffiths , Simon Gay , Jeremy Howick

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have opened up new opportunities for transforming patient engagement in healthcare through conversational AI. This paper presents an overview of the current landscape of LLMs in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Bo Wen , Raquel Norel , Julia Liu , Thaddeus Stappenbeck , Farhana Zulkernine , Huamin Chen

Background: Clinical trials rely on transparent inclusion criteria to ensure generalizability. In contrast, benchmarks validating health-related large language models (LLMs) rarely characterize the "patient" or "query" populations they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Alvin Rajkomar , Pavan Sudarshan , Angela Lai , Lily Peng

Human-LLM conversations are increasingly becoming more pervasive in peoples' professional and personal lives, yet many users still struggle to elicit helpful responses from LLM Chatbots. One of the reasons for this issue is users' lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Rupak Sarkar , Bahareh Sarrafzadeh , Nirupama Chandrasekaran , Nagu Rangan , Philip Resnik , Longqi Yang , Sujay Kumar Jauhar

During live sales calls, customers frequently ask detailed product questions that require representatives to manually search internal databases and CRM systems. This process typically takes 25-65 seconds per query, creating awkward pauses…

Over the past few years, the use of the Internet for healthcare-related tasks has grown by leaps and bounds, posing a challenge in effectively managing and processing information to ensure its efficient utilization. During moments of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Abhisek Tiwari , Shreyangshu Bera , Sriparna Saha , Pushpak Bhattacharyya , Samrat Ghosh

The use of machine learning in Healthcare has the potential to improve patient outcomes as well as broaden the reach and affordability of Healthcare. The history of other application areas indicates that strong benchmarks are essential for…

Mobile Sensing Apps have been widely used as a practical approach to collect behavioral and health-related information from individuals and provide timely intervention to promote health and well-beings, such as mental health and chronic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Zhiyuan Wang , Haoyi Xiong , Jie Zhang , Sijia Yang , Mehdi Boukhechba , Laura E. Barnes , Daqing Zhang , Dejing Dou

AI chatbots are becoming a primary interface for seeking information. As their popularity grows, chatbot providers are starting to deploy advertising and analytics. Despite this, tracking on AI chatbots has not been systematically studied.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Muhammad Jazlan , Ethan Wang , Yash Vekaria , Zubair Shafiq

Individuals are turning to increasingly anthropomorphic, general-purpose chatbots for AI companionship, rather than roleplay-specific platforms. However, not much is known about how individuals perceive and conduct their relationships with…

We develop Polaris, the first safety-focused LLM constellation for real-time patient-AI healthcare conversations. Unlike prior LLM works in healthcare focusing on tasks like question answering, our work specifically focuses on long…

Introduction. Advances in large language models (LLMs) offer a chance to act as scientific assistants, helping people grasp complex research areas. This study examines how LLMs evolve in healthcare disparities research, with attention to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-10 David An

Recent advancements in LLMs enable chatbots to interact with individuals on a range of queries, including sensitive mental health contexts. Despite uncertainties about their effectiveness and reliability, the development of LLMs in these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Dong Whi Yoo , Jiayue Melissa Shi , Violeta J. Rodriguez , Koustuv Saha

As millions of people use ChatGPT for tasks such as education, writing assistance, and health advice, concerns have grown about how personal prompts and data are stored and used. This study explores how Reddit users collectively negotiate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-10 S M Mehedi Zaman , Saubhagya Joshi , Yiyi Wu

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into healthcare settings has gained significant attention, particularly for question-answering tasks. Given the high-stakes nature of healthcare, it is essential to ensure that LLM-generated…

Despite the growing research on users' perceptions of health AI, adolescents' perspectives remain underexplored. This study explores adolescents' perceived benefits and risks of health AI technologies in clinical and personal health…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Jamie Lee , Kyuha Jung , Erin Gregg Newman , Emilie Chow , Yunan Chen

Telehealth is a valuable tool for primary health care (PHC), where depression is a common condition. PHC is the first point of contact for most people with depression, but about 25% of diagnoses made by PHC physicians are inaccurate. Many…

Communication traits in text-based human-AI conversations play pivotal roles in shaping user experiences and perceptions of systems. With the advancement of large language models (LLMs), it is now feasible to analyze these traits at a more…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Ananya Bhattacharjee , Jina Suh , Mahsa Ershadi , Shamsi T. Iqbal , Andrew D. Wilson , Javier Hernandez

Artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled digital interventions, including Generative AI (GenAI) and Human-Centered AI (HCAI), are increasingly used to expand access to digital psychiatry and mental health care. This PRISMA-ScR scoping review…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yang Ni , Fanli Jia

The widespread adoption of AI assistants has prompted the development of privacy-aware platforms designed to extract insights from real-world usage. Their privacy protections primarily rely on layering multiple heuristic techniques, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Meenatchi Sundaram Muthu Selva Annamalai , Emiliano De Cristofaro , Peter Kairouz