Related papers: Structural Dependency Analysis for Masked NTT Hard…

Formal verification of masking in post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) hardware relies on SMT solvers over finite domains. Our prior work established structural dependency analysis at scale [1] and quantified the security margin of partial NTT…

Post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) accelerators for ML-KEM (FIPS 203) and ML-DSA (FIPS 204) rely on pipelined Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) stages over $\mathbb{Z}_q$. Our prior work established structural dependency analysis at scale [1]…

Adams Bridge, a hardware accelerator for ML-DSA and ML-KEM designed for the Caliptra root of trust, masks 1 of its Inverse Number Theoretic Transform (INTT) layers and relies on shuffling for the remainder, claiming per-butterfly…

This is Paper 6 of a series of formally-verified analyses of masked NTT hardware for post-quantum cryptography; Paper 1 [1] established structural dependency analysis of the QANARY platform, and Paper 2 [2] quantified security margins under…

Traditional logical equivalence checking (LEC) which plays a major role in entire chip design process faces challenges of meeting the requirements demanded by the many emerging technologies that are based on logic models different from…

The migration to post-quantum cryptography is urgent for Internet of Things devices with 10--20 year lifespans, yet no systematic benchmarks exist for the finalised NIST standards on the most constrained 32-bit processor class. This paper…

Rigorous quantitative evaluation of microarchitectural side channels is challenging for two reasons. First, the processors, attacks, and defenses often exhibit probabilistic behaviors. These probabilistic behaviors arise due to natural…

Quantum computing threatens the security foundations of consumer electronics (CE). Preparing the diverse CE ecosystem, particularly resource-constrained devices, for the post-quantum era requires quantitative understanding of…

Hardware accelerators (HAs) are essential building blocks for fast and energy-efficient computing systems. Accelerator Quick Error Detection (A-QED) is a recent formal technique which uses Bounded Model Checking for pre-silicon verification…

The August 2024 finalisation of FIPS 203 (ML-KEM), FIPS 204 (ML-DSA), and FIPS 205 (SLH-DSA) closed the algorithmic gap in post-quantum cryptography (PQC). The production gap -- hybrid combiners, versioned key formats, protocol helpers, and…

Sensors and actuators based on resonant micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), such as scanning micro mirrors, are well-established in automotive and consumer products. As the areas of application broaden, the requirements for the MEMS…

Existing techniques to ensure functional correctness and hardware trust during pre-silicon verification face severe limitations. In this work, we systematically leverage two key ideas: 1) Symbolic Quick Error Detection (Symbolic QED or…

In light of globalized hardware supply chains, the assurance of hardware components has gained significant interest, particularly in cryptographic applications and high-stakes scenarios. Identifying metal lines on scanning electron…

Power side-channel (PSC) analysis is pivotal for securing cryptographic hardware. Prior art focused on securing gate-level netlists obtained as-is from chip design automation, neglecting all the complexities and potential side-effects for…

This is Paper 7 of a series of formally-verified analyses of masked NTT hardware for post-quantum cryptography; Paper 1 [1] established structural dependency analysis of the QANARY platform, and Paper 2 [2] quantified security margins under…

In the third round of the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography standardization project, the focus is on optimizing software and hardware implementations of candidate schemes. The winning schemes are CRYSTALS Kyber and CRYSTALS Dilithium, which…

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a critical task for ensuring the safety and reliability of civil infrastructures, typically realized on bridges and viaducts by means of vibration monitoring. In this paper, we propose for the first…

The primary tools used to monitor and defend object detectors under adversarial attack assume that when accuracy degrades, detection count drops in tandem. This coupling was assumed, not measured. We report a counterexample observed on a…

5G Core networks are entering a decisive phase of post-quantum (PQ) migration: operators and vendors are beginning to advertise PQ-TLS 1.3, PQ-IPsec, and hybrid KEM support across the Service-Based Interface (SBI) and N2, N3, N4 reference…

Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is crucial for securing data against emerging quantum threats. However, its algorithms are computationally complex and difficult to implement efficiently on hardware. In this paper, we explore the potential…