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Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a family of sampling-based search algorithms widely used for online planning in sequential decision-making domains and at the heart of many recent advances in artificial intelligence. Understanding the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Yiyu Qian , Tim Miller , Zheng Qian , Liyuan Zhao

The integration of autonomous vehicles into urban and highway environments necessitates the development of robust and adaptable behavior planning systems. This study presents an innovative approach to address this challenge by utilizing a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Qianfeng Wen , Zhongyi Gong , Lifeng Zhou , Zhongshun Zhang

Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) is one of the most capable online search algorithms for sequential planning tasks, with significant applications in areas such as resource allocation and transit planning. Despite its strong performance in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Ziyan An , Hendrik Baier , Abhishek Dubey , Ayan Mukhopadhyay , Meiyi Ma

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is particularly adapted to domains where the potential actions can be represented as a tree of sequential decisions. For an effective action selection, MCTS performs many simulations to build a reliable tree…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Seydou Ba , Takuya Hiraoka , Takashi Onishi , Toru Nakata , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable potential in automating machine learning tasks. However, existing LLM-based agents often struggle with low-diversity and suboptimal code generation. While recent work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Zujie Liang , Feng Wei , Wujiang Xu , Lin Chen , Yuxi Qian , Xinhui Wu

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a powerful approach to designing game-playing bots or solving sequential decision problems. The method relies on intelligent tree search that balances exploration and exploitation. MCTS performs random…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Maciej Świechowski , Konrad Godlewski , Bartosz Sawicki , Jacek Mańdziuk

Planning problems are among the most important and well-studied problems in artificial intelligence. They are most typically solved by tree search algorithms that simulate ahead into the future, evaluate future states, and back-up those…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Arthur Guez , Théophane Weber , Ioannis Antonoglou , Karen Simonyan , Oriol Vinyals , Daan Wierstra , Rémi Munos , David Silver

In this work we study a well-known and challenging problem of Multi-agent Pathfinding, when a set of agents is confined to a graph, each agent is assigned a unique start and goal vertices and the task is to find a set of collision-free…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Yelisey Pitanov , Alexey Skrynnik , Anton Andreychuk , Konstantin Yakovlev , Aleksandr Panov

In response to the lack of trust in Artificial Intelligence (AI) for sequential planning, we design a Computational Tree Logic-guided large language model (LLM)-based natural language explanation framework designed for the Monte Carlo Tree…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Ziyan An , Xia Wang , Hendrik Baier , Zirong Chen , Abhishek Dubey , Taylor T. Johnson , Jonathan Sprinkle , Ayan Mukhopadhyay , Meiyi Ma

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a branch of stochastic modeling that utilizes decision trees for optimization, mostly applied to artificial intelligence (AI) game players. This project imagines a game in which an AI player searches for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Elana Kozak , Scott Hottovy

Probabilistic search algorithms, such as Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), have proven very effective in solving sequential decision-making tasks under uncertainty. However, interpreting asymmetric search trees that incorporate bandit-based…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Siqi Lu , Mirsaleh Bahavarnia , Hiba Baroud , Yixuan Zhang , Hemant Purohit , Ayan Mukhopadhyay

The combination of Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) and deep reinforcement learning is state-of-the-art in two-player perfect-information games. In this paper, we describe a search algorithm that uses a variant of MCTS which we enhanced by 1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Arta Seify , Michael Buro

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) efficiently balances exploration and exploitation in tree search based on count-derived uncertainty. However, these local visit counts ignore a second type of uncertainty induced by the size of the subtree…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Thomas M Moerland , Joost Broekens , Aske Plaat , Catholijn M Jonker

Monte-Carlo tree search (MCTS) is an effective anytime algorithm with a vast amount of applications. It strategically allocates computational resources to focus on promising segments of the search tree, making it a very attractive search…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Cedric Derstroff , Jannis Brugger , Jannis Blüml , Mira Mezini , Stefan Kramer , Kristian Kersting

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), most famously used in game-play artificial intelligence (e.g., the game of Go), is a well-known strategy for constructing approximate solutions to sequential decision problems. Its primary innovation is the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-04-21 Daniel R. Jiang , Lina Al-Kanj , Warren B. Powell

We present a scalable tree search planning algorithm for large multi-agent sequential decision problems that require dynamic collaboration. Teams of agents need to coordinate decisions in many domains, but naive approaches fail due to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Shushman Choudhury , Jayesh K. Gupta , Peter Morales , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Few real-world hybrid systems are amenable to formal verification, due to their complexity and black box components. Optimization-based falsification---a methodology of search-based testing that employs stochastic optimization---is…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-08-14 Zhenya Zhang , Gidon Ernst , Sean Sedwards , Paolo Arcaini , Ichiro Hasuo

Real-world multimodal misinformation often arises from mixed forgery sources, requiring dynamic reasoning and adaptive verification. However, existing methods mainly rely on static pipelines and limited tool usage, limiting their ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Xing Cui , Yueying Zou , Zekun Li , Peipei Li , Xinyuan Xu , Xuannan Liu , Huaibo Huang

Inference-time scaling strategies, particularly Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), have significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, current approaches remain predominantly stateless, discarding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Hao Lu , Haoyuan Huang , Yulin Zhou , Chen Li , Ningxin Zhu

Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a class of methods for solving complex decision-making problems through the synergy of Monte-Carlo planning and Reinforcement Learning (RL). The highly combinatorial nature of the problems commonly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Tuan Dam , Carlo D'Eramo , Jan Peters , Joni Pajarinen
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