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Natural language generation (NLG) is one of the most impactful fields in NLP, and recent years have witnessed its evolution brought about by large language models (LLMs). As the key instrument for writing assistance applications, they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Minghui Zhang , Alex Sokolov , Weixin Cai , Si-Qing Chen

The rapid growth of social media platforms has raised significant concerns regarding online content toxicity. When Large Language Models (LLMs) are used for toxicity detection, two key challenges emerge: 1) the absence of domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yibo Zhao , Jiapeng Zhu , Can Xu , Yao Liu , Xiang Li

Despite the groundbreaking advancements made by large language models (LLMs), hallucination remains a critical bottleneck for their deployment in high-stakes domains. Existing classification-based methods mainly rely on static and passive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Linggang Kong , Lei Wu , Yunlong Zhang , Xiaofeng Zhong , Zhen Wang , Yongjie Wang , Yao Pan

While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong performance across domains, their long-context capabilities are limited by transient neural activations causing information decay and unstructured feed-forward network (FFN) weights…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-13 Kangcong Li , Peng Ye , Chongjun Tu , Lin Zhang , Chunfeng Song , Jiamin Wu , Tao Yang , Qihao Zheng , Tao Chen

As large language models (LLMs) witness increasing deployment in complex, high-stakes decision-making scenarios, it becomes imperative to ground their reasoning in causality rather than spurious correlations. However, strong performance on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yuzhe Wang , Yaochen Zhu , Jundong Li

This study investigates the adoption of open-access, locally deployable causal large language models (LLMs) for travel mode choice prediction and introduces LiTransMC, the first fine-tuned causal LLM developed for this task. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Tareq Alsaleh , Bilal Farooq

Evidence-enhanced detectors present remarkable abilities in identifying malicious social text. However, the rise of large language models (LLMs) brings potential risks of evidence pollution to confuse detectors. This paper explores…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Herun Wan , Minnan Luo , Zhixiong Su , Guang Dai , Xiang Zhao

This paper introduces a causal attribution model to enhance the interpretability of large language models (LLMs) and improve their causal reasoning abilities via precise fine-tuning. Despite LLMs' proficiency in diverse tasks, their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Hengrui Cai , Shengjie Liu , Rui Song

The common toxicity and societal bias in contents generated by large language models (LLMs) necessitate strategies to reduce harm. Present solutions often demand white-box access to the model or substantial training, which is impractical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Rongwu Xu , Zi'an Zhou , Tianwei Zhang , Zehan Qi , Su Yao , Ke Xu , Wei Xu , Han Qiu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved human-level fluency in text generation, making it difficult to distinguish between human-written and LLM-generated texts. This poses a growing risk of misuse of LLMs and demands the development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Ryuto Koike , Masahiro Kaneko , Naoaki Okazaki

Previous insertion-based and paraphrase-based backdoors have achieved great success in attack efficacy, but they ignore the text quality and semantic consistency between poisoned and clean texts. Although recent studies introduce LLMs to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Zhengxian Wu , Juan Wen , Wanli Peng , Ziwei Zhang , Yinghan Zhou , Yiming Xue

In-context learning, a paradigm bridging the gap between pre-training and fine-tuning, has demonstrated high efficacy in several NLP tasks, especially in few-shot settings. Despite being widely applied, in-context learning is vulnerable to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Shuai Zhao , Meihuizi Jia , Luu Anh Tuan , Fengjun Pan , Jinming Wen

Causal reasoning is a cornerstone of human intelligence and a critical capability for artificial systems aiming to achieve advanced understanding and decision-making. This thesis delves into various dimensions of causal reasoning and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Zhijing Jin

We propose a clinical decision support system (CDSS) for mental health diagnosis that combines the strengths of large language models (LLMs) and constraint logic programming (CLP). Having a CDSS is important because of the high complexity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Brian Hyeongseok Kim , Chao Wang

Clinical natural language processing requires methods that can address domain-specific challenges, such as complex medical terminology and clinical contexts. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in this domain. Yet,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Ran Xu , Hejie Cui , Yue Yu , Xuan Kan , Wenqi Shi , Yuchen Zhuang , Wei Jin , Joyce Ho , Carl Yang

Reasoning-enhanced large language models (LLMs) explicitly generate intermediate reasoning steps prior to generating final answers, helping the model excel in complex problem-solving. In this paper, we demonstrate that this emerging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Tong Wu , Chong Xiang , Jiachen T. Wang , G. Edward Suh , Prateek Mittal

Backdoor attacks pose a serious threat to the security of large language models (LLMs), causing them to exhibit anomalous behavior under specific trigger conditions. The design of backdoor triggers has evolved from fixed triggers to dynamic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Haotian Jin , Yang Li , Haihui Fan , Lin Shen , Xiangfang Li , Bo Li

We present two novel unsupervised methods for eliminating toxicity in text. Our first method combines two recent ideas: (1) guidance of the generation process with small style-conditional language models and (2) use of paraphrasing models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-04 David Dale , Anton Voronov , Daryna Dementieva , Varvara Logacheva , Olga Kozlova , Nikita Semenov , Alexander Panchenko

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle to maintain their original performance when faced with semantically coherent but task-irrelevant contextual information. Although prior studies have explored this issue using fixed-template or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yanbo Wang , Zixiang Xu , Yue Huang , Chujie Gao , Siyuan Wu , Jiayi Ye , Pin-Yu Chen , Xiuying Chen , Xiangliang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing but remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, especially multi-turn jailbreaks that distribute malicious intent across benign exchanges and bypass alignment…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Javad Rafiei Asl , Sidhant Narula , Mohammad Ghasemigol , Eduardo Blanco , Daniel Takabi
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