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We study turbulent Rayleigh-B\'enard convection through direct numerical simulations in a three-dimensional plane layer of aspect ratio 4 for Rayleigh numbers $10^5 \leq Ra \leq 10^{11}$ and Prandtl number $Pr=0.7$. We summarize the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-12-30 Roshan J. Samuel , Jörg Schumacher

We investigate the influence of the thermal properties of the boundaries in turbulent Rayleigh-B\'enard convection on analytical upper bounds on convective heat transport. We model imperfectly conducting bounding plates in two ways: using…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2010-08-17 Ralf W. Wittenberg

Penetrative turbulence, which occurs in a convectively unstable fluid layer and penetrates into an adjacent, originally stably stratified layer, is numerically and theoretically analyzed. We chose the most relevant example, namely thermally…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-06-30 Qi Wang , Philipp Reiter , Detlef Lohse , Olga Shishkina

Vertical convection is investigated using direct numerical simulations over a wide range of Rayleigh numbers $10^7\le Ra\le10^{14}$ with fixed Prandtl number $Pr=10$, in a two-dimensional convection cell with unit aspect ratio. It is found…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-05-05 Qi Wang , Hao-Ran Liu , Roberto Verzicco , Olga Shishkina , Detlef Lohse

We investigate by direct numerical simulation Rayleigh-B\'enard convection in a rotating rectangular cell with rotation vector and gravity perpendicular to each other. The flow is two dimensional near the onset of convection with convection…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-05-12 K. Lüdemann , A. Tilgner

A model for three-dimensional Rayleigh-B\'{e}nard convection in low-Prandtl-number fluids near onset with rigid horizontal boundaries in the presence of a uniform vertical magnetic field is constructed and analyzed in detail. The kinetic…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-10-28 Arnab Basak , Krishna Kumar

We consider rotating Rayleigh-B\'enard convection of a fluid with a Prandtl number of $Pr = 0.8$ in a cylindrical cell with an aspect ratio $\Gamma = 1/2$. Direct numerical simulations were performed for the Rayleigh number range $10^5 \leq…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-06-19 Susanne Horn , Olga Shishkina

The behaviour of the turbulent Prandtl number ($Pr_t$) for buoyancy-affected flows near a vertical surface is investigated as an extension study of {Gibson \& Leslie, \emph{Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer}, Vol. 11, pp. 73-84 (1984)}. By…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-07-26 Xiaowei Xu , Andrew S. H. Ooi , Richard D. Sandberg

This work studies two-dimensional fixed-flux Rayleigh-B\'enard convection with periodic boundary conditions in both horizontal and vertical directions and analyzes its dynamics using numerical continuation, secondary instability analysis…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-12-12 Chang Liu , Manjul Sharma , Keith Julien , Edgar Knobloch

Horizontally-periodic Boussinesq Rayleigh-B\'enard Convection (RBC) is a simple model system to study the formation of large-scale structures in turbulent convective flows. We performed a suite of 2D numerical simulations of RBC between…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-23 F. Kupka , D. Fabbian , F. Zaussinger , D. Krüger , L. Gizon

We present three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of turbulent Rayleigh-B\'enard convection in a closed rectangular box whose width $L_y$ and length $L_x$ are 0.8 and 2.4 times the height $H$, respectively. The Rayleigh number $Ra$…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-05 Ambrish Pandey , Jörg Schumacher , Matteo Parsani , Katepalli R. Sreenivasan

Rayleigh-B\'enard (RB) convection with free-slip plates and horizontally periodic boundary conditions is investigated using direct numerical simulations. Two configurations are considered, one is two-dimension (2D) RB convection and the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-05-06 Qi Wang , Kai Leong Chong , Richard J. A. M. Stevens , Roberto Verzicco , Detlef Lohse

Rayleigh-B\'enard cells are one of the simplest systems to explore the laws of natural convection in the highly turbulent limit. However, at very high Rayleigh numbers (Ra > 1E12) and for Prandtl numbers of order one, experiments fall into…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2012-02-14 Philippe-E. Roche , Frédéric Gauthier , Robert Kaiser , Julien Salort

Results from direct numerical simulation for three-dimensional Rayleigh-B\'enard convection in samples of aspect ratio $\Gamma=0.23$ and $\Gamma=0.5$ up to Rayleigh number $Ra=2\times10^{12}$ are presented. The broad range of Prandtl…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2011-12-05 Richard J. A. M. Stevens , Detlef Lohse , Roberto Verzicco

We analyse the nonlinear dynamics of the large scale flow in Rayleigh-B\'enard convection in a two-dimensional, rectangular geometry of aspect ratio $\Gamma$. We impose periodic and free-slip boundary conditions in the streamwise and…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-03-31 Philip Winchester , Vassilios Dallas , Peter D. Howell

We consider Rayleigh-B\'enard convection in a layer of fluid between rough no-slip boundaries where the top and bottom boundary heights are functions of the horizontal coordinates with square-integrable gradients. We use the background…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2016-10-20 David Goluskin , Charles R. Doering

We present three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of turbulent Rayleigh-B\'enard convection (RBC) in the Lagrangian frame of reference for Rayleigh numbers $10^5 \leq Ra \leq 10^{10}$ and a Prandtl number $Pr=0.7$ in a plane layer…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-26 Matti Ettel , Roshan J. Samuel , Michael Chertkov , Jörg Schumacher

We analyze large-scale patterns in three-dimensional turbulent convection in a horizontally extended square convection cell by Lagrangian particle trajectories calculated in direct numerical simulations. A simulation run at a Prandtl number…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-11-19 Christiane Schneide , Ambrish Pandey , Kathrin Padberg-Gehle , Jörg Schumacher

In this study we consider the effect of a horizontal magnetic field on the Rayleigh-B\'enard convection in a finite liquid metal layer contained in a cuboid vessel (200 \times 200 \times 40 mm^3). Laboratory experiments are performed for…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-12-07 J. C. Yang , T. Vogt , S. Eckert

Turbulent Rayleigh-Benard convection in a closed cylindrical cell is studied in the Lagrangian frame of reference with the help of three-dimensional direct numerical simulations. The aspect ratio of the cell Gamma is varied between 1 and…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2010-09-02 Mohammad S. Emran , Joerg Schumacher