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Digital computers store information in the form of bits that can take on one of two values 0 and 1, while quantum computers are based on qubits that are described by a complex wavefunction, whose squared magnitude gives the probability of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Jan Kaiser , Supriyo Datta

Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJs) have shown great promise as hardware sources for true random number generation (TRNG) due to their intrinsic stochastic switching behavior. However, practical deployment remains challenged by drift in…

Brain-inspired computing - leveraging neuroscientific principles underpinning the unparalleled efficiency of the brain in solving cognitive tasks - is emerging to be a promising pathway to solve several algorithmic and computational…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Kezhou Yang , Dhuruva Priyan G M , Abhronil Sengupta

Recently there is considerable interest to realize efficient and low-cost true random number generators (RNGs) for practical applications. One important way is through the use of bistable magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). Here we study the…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-09-07 Chee Kwan Gan , Bingjin Chen , Minggang Zeng

Ensuring high performance, while meeting the power budget is a challenging task as the world is moving towards next-generation computing. Researchers and designers are in search of new solutions for efficient computation. Spintronics…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-08-31 Jagadish Rajpoot , Ravneet Paul , Shivam Verma

Information units are progressively approaching the fundamental physical limits of the integration density, including in terms of extremely small sizes, multistates and probabilistic traversal. However, simultaneously encompassing all of…

Ising computer is a powerful computation scheme to deal with NP-hard optimization problems that cannot be efficiently addressed by conventional computers. A robust probabilistic bit (P-Bit) which is realized by a hardware entity fluctuating…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-02-23 Bolin Zhang , Yu Liu , Tianqi Gao , Deming Zhang , Weisheng Zhao , Lang Zeng

This paper proposes a novel spiking artificial neuron design based on a combined spin valve/magnetic tunnel junction (SV/MTJ). Traditional hardware used in artificial intelligence and machine learning faces significant challenges related to…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-06-10 Steven Louis , Hannah Bradley , Cody Trevillian , Andrei Slavin , Vasyl Tyberkevych

Probabilistic spin logic (PSL) is a recently proposed computing paradigm based on unstable stochastic units called probabilistic bits (p-bits) that can be correlated to form probabilistic circuits (p-circuits). These p-circuits can be used…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Ahmed Zeeshan Pervaiz , Brian M. Sutton , Lakshmi Anirudh Ghantasala , Kerem Y. Camsari

The common feature of nearly all logic and memory devices is that they make use of stable units to represent 0's and 1's. A completely different paradigm is based on three-terminal stochastic units which could be called "p-bits", where the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-09-14 Ahmed Zeeshan Pervaiz , Lakshmi Anirudh Ghantasala , Kerem Yunus Camsari , Supriyo Datta

Probabilistic computing using random number generators (RNGs) can leverage the inherent stochasticity of nanodevices for system-level benefits. The magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) has been studied as an RNG due to its thermally-driven…

We investigate the stochastic dynamics of nanoscale perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (pMTJs) and the correlations that arise when they are electrically coupled. Individual junctions exhibit thermally activated spin-transfer torque…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 Dairong Chen , Ahmed Sidi El Valli , Jonathan Z. Sun , Flaviano Morone , Dries Sels , Andrew D. Kent

In this paper we present a concrete design for a probabilistic (p-) computer based on a network of p-bits, robust classical entities fluctuating between -1 and +1, with probabilities that are controlled through an input constructed from the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Brian Sutton , Rafatul Faria , Lakshmi A. Ghantasala , Risi Jaiswal , Kerem Y. Camsari , Supriyo Datta

Brain-inspired computing architectures attempt to mimic the computations performed in the neurons and the synapses in the human brain in order to achieve its efficiency in learning and cognitive tasks. In this work, we demonstrate the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-12-20 Abhronil Sengupta , Priyadarshini Panda , Parami Wijesinghe , Yusung Kim , Kaushik Roy

We present a general formalism for the construction of thermodynamically consistent stochastic models of non-linear electronic circuits. The devices constituting the circuit can have arbitrary I-V curves and may include tunnel junctions,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-09-29 Nahuel Freitas , Jean-Charles Delvenne , Massimiliano Esposito

We fabricated and characterized a new spin-functional MOSFET referred to as a pseudo-spin-MOSFET (PS-MOSFET). The PS-MOSFET is a circuit using an ordinary MOSFET and magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) for reproducing functions of…

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) play a crucial role in spintronic applications, particularly data storage and sensors. Especially as a non-volatile memory, MTJs have received substantial attention due to its CMOS compatibility, low power…

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) have been successfully applied in various sensing application and digital information storage technologies. Currently, a number of new potential applications of MTJs are being actively studied, including…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Piotr Rzeszut , Jakub Chęciński , Ireneusz Brzozowski , Sławomir Ziętek , Witold Skowroński , Tomasz Stobiecki

In the superparamagnetic regime, magnetic tunnel junctions switch between two resistance states due to random thermal fluctuations. The dwell time distribution in each state is exponential. We sample this distribution using a temporal…

In a large-scale quantum computer, the cost of communications will dominate the performance and resource requirements, place many severe demands on the technology, and constrain the architecture. Unfortunately, fault-tolerant computers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-23 Rodney Van Meter , Thaddeus D. Ladd , Austin G. Fowler , Yoshihisa Yamamoto