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Gravitational-wave observations are playing an instrumental role in understanding the population of binary compact objects in the Universe. These observations have begun to hint at the mass distribution of binary black holes (BBHs), with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-19 Upasana Das , Suvodip Mukherjee

The growing number of binary black hole mergers detected through gravitational waves offers unprecedented insight into their underlying population, yet their astrophysical formation channels remain unresolved. We present a new method to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-23 William J. Smith , Krystal Ruiz-Rocha , Kelly Holley-Bockelmann , Michela Mapelli , Karan Jani

We use population inference to explore the impact that uncertainties in the distribution of binary black holes (BBH) have on the astrophysical gravitational-wave background (AGWB). Our results show that the AGWB monopole is sensitive to the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-25 Alexander C. Jenkins , Richard O'Shaughnessy , Mairi Sakellariadou , Daniel Wysocki

The complex astrophysical processes leading to the formation of binary black holes and their eventual merger are imprinted on the spins of the individual black holes. We revisit the astrophysical distribution of those spins based on…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-05 Asad Hussain , Maximiliano Isi , Aaron Zimmerman

We analyze binary black hole (BBH) mergers from the latest Gravitational Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-3) using a flexible, non-parametric framework to infer the underlying black hole mass distribution. Our model employs Gaussian Processes…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-27 Ignacio Magaña Hernandez , Antonella Palmese

Binary black hole (BBH) systems detected via gravitational-wave (GW) emission are a recently opened astrophysical frontier with many unknowns and uncertainties. Accurate reconstruction of the binary distribution with as few assumptions as…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-22 Jam Sadiq , Thomas Dent , Mark Gieles

Astrophysically motivated population models for binary black hole observables are often insufficient to capture the imprints of multiple formation channels. This is mainly due to the strongly parametrized nature of such investigations.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-04-05 Anarya Ray , Ignacio Magaña Hernandez , Katelyn Breivik , Jolien Creighton

We introduce the first complete non-parametric model for the astrophysical distribution of the binary black hole (BBH) population. Constructed from basis splines, we use these models to conduct the most comprehensive data-driven…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-29 Bruce Edelman , Ben Farr , Zoheyr Doctor

The coalescence of compact binaries containing neutron stars or black holes is one of the most promising signals for advanced ground-based laser interferometer gravitational-wave detectors, with the first direct detections expected over the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-09-02 Simon Stevenson , Frank Ohme , Stephen Fairhurst

We present a full sampling of the hierarchical population posterior distribution of merging black holes using current gravitational-wave data. We directly tackle the most relevant intrinsic parameter space made of the binary parameters…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-05 Michele Mancarella , Davide Gerosa

Spectral-sirens inference enables the extraction of cosmological parameters from gravitational-wave data alone, without electromagnetic counterparts or galaxy catalogs. We introduce new parametric mass functions for the binary black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-10 Tom Bertheas , Vasco Gennari , Danièle Steer , Nicola Tamanini

Population studies of stellar-mass black-hole binaries have become major players in gravitational-wave astronomy. The underlying assumptions are that the targeted source parameters refer to the same quantities for all events in the catalog…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-02-03 Matthew Mould , Davide Gerosa

We quantify the impact of finite catalog size, or "catalog variance," on current gravitational-wave population analyses. The distribution of merging binary black holes is commonly reconstructed via hierarchical Bayesian inference, with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-03 Alessia Corelli , Davide Gerosa , Matthew Mould , Cecilia Maria Fabbri

The population of binary black hole (BBH) mergers observed by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) collaboration offers a window into the cosmic evolution of compact binaries and their formation. We employ the semi-analytic population-synthesis code…

In this paper we propose a novel technique to constrain the progenitor binary black hole (BBH) formation history using the remnant masses and spins of merged black holes (BHs). Exploring different models, we found that dynamically formed…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-12-19 Manuel Arca Sedda , Matthew Benacquista

The observation of gravitational waves from multiple compact binary coalescences by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA detector networks has enabled us to infer the underlying distribution of compact binaries across a wide range of masses, spins, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-01 Anarya Ray , Ignacio Magaña Hernandez , Siddharth Mohite , Jolien Creighton , Shasvath Kapadia

With the release of the fourth LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA gravitational-wave catalog (GWTC-4), we are starting to gain a detailed view of the population of merging binary black holes. The formation channels of these black holes is not clearly…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-22 Sharan Banagiri , Eric Thrane , Paul D. Lasky

Gravitational wave measurements will provide insight into the population of coalescing compact binaries throughout the universe. We describe and demonstrate a flexible parametric method to infer the event rate as a function of compact…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-08-20 Daniel Wysocki , Jacob Lange , Richard O'Shaughnessy

Gravitational-wave astronomy provides a unique new way to study the expansion history of the Universe. In this work, we investigate the impact future gravitational-wave observatories will have on cosmology. Third-generation observatories…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-03 Zhi-Qiang You , Xing-Jiang Zhu , Gregory Ashton , Eric Thrane , Zong-Hong Zhu

Information about the mass spectrum of compact stars can be used to infer cosmological parameters from gravitational waves (GW) in the absence of redshift measurements obtained from electromagnetic (EM) observations. This method will be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-21 S. Mastrogiovanni , K. Leyde , C. Karathanasis , E. Chassande-Mottin , D. A. Steer , J. Gair , A. Ghosh , R. Gray , S. Mukherjee , S. Rinaldi
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