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Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) are an emerging RIS 2.0 technology for future wireless communication. However, BD-RISs are primarily passive without active amplification, suffering from severe multiplicative…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Shanpu Shen , Hongyu Li , Matteo Nerini , Qingqing Wu , Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are envisioned as a promising technology for future wireless communications. With various hardware realizations, RISs can work under different modes (reflective/transmissive/hybrid) or have…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

A hybrid transmitting and reflecting beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) design is proposed. Operating in the same aperture, frequency band and polarization, the proposed BD-RIS features independent beam steering…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-15 Zhaoyang Ming , Shanpu Shen , Junhui Rao , Zan Li , Jichen Zhang , Chi Yuk Chiu , Ross Murch

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) extend conventional diagonal RISs by allowing inter-element coupling, thereby enlarging the set of attainable scattering matrices and improving the achievable signal-to-noise…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-08 Konstantinos Ntougias , Ioannis Krikidis

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has gained much traction due to its potential to manipulate the propagation environment via nearly-passive reconfigurable elements. In our previous work, we have analyzed and proposed a beyond…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-29 Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

This work focuses on the use of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) in dual-function radar-communication (DFRC) systems to improve communication capacity and sensing precision, and enhance coverage for both functions. In contrast to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-10 Bowen Wang , Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Ziyang Cheng , Bruno Clerckx

We present the first experimental prototype of a reflective beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS), i.e., a RIS with reconfigurable inter-element connections. Our BD-RIS consists of an antenna array whose ports are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-20 Jean Tapie , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx , Philipp del Hougne

This letter proposes a movable beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (MA-BD-RIS) design, combining inter-element connectivity and movability for channel enhancement. We study a MA-BD-RIS assisted multi-user multiple input…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-13 Shuyue Xu , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) is a novel branch of RIS which breaks through the limitation of traditional RIS with diagonal scattering matrices. However, the existing research focuses on BD-RIS with fixed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-21 Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

This work studies the modeling and optimization of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) aided wireless communication systems in the presence of mutual coupling among the RIS elements. Specifically, we first derive the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-27 Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Matteo Nerini , Marco Di Renzo , Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) can improve the capacity of wireless communication links by passively beamforming the impinging signals in desired directions. This feature has been demonstrated both analytically and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-23 Emil Björnson , Özlem Tuğfe Demir

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been envisioned as a promising technique to enable and enhance future wireless communications due to its potential to engineer the wireless channels in a cost-effective manner. Extensive research…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-11 Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) generalizes and goes beyond conventional diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (D-RIS) by interconnecting elements to generate beyond diagonal scattering matrices, which…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-14 Hamad Yahya , Hongyu Li , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx , Merouane Debbah

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) have emerged as a transformative technology in wireless communications, offering unprecedented control over signal propagation. This study focuses on passive beyond diagonal reconfigurable…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-10 Ainna Yue Moreno-Locubiche , Josep Vidal

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) is a new advance in RIS techniques that introduces reconfigurable inter-element connections to generate scattering matrices not limited to being diagonal. BD-RIS has been recently…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-08 Hongyu Li , Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) allow controlling the propagation environment in wireless networks by tuning multiple reflecting elements. RISs have been traditionally realized through single connected architectures,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Matteo Nerini , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has been proposed recently as a novel and generalized RIS architecture that offers enhanced wave manipulation flexibility and large coverage expansion. However, the beyond-diagonal…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Tianyu Fang , Yijie Mao

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) have emerged as a transformative technology for enhancing wireless communication by intelligently manipulating the propagation environment. Its interconnected elements offer…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Wali Ullah Khan , Chandan Kumar Sheemar , Eva Lagunas , Symeon Chatzinotas

This work studies the wideband modeling and beamforming design of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS), which generalizes and goes beyond conventional RIS with diagonal phase shift matrices to achieve enhanced channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Hongyu Li , Matteo Nerini , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has emerged as an advancement and generalization of the conventional diagonal RIS (D-RIS) by introducing tunable interconnections between RIS elements, enabling smarter wave…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-10 Yiyang Peng , Hongyu Li , Zheyu Wu , Bruno Clerckx
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