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Medical image segmentation, particularly in the context of ultrasound data, is a crucial aspect of computer vision and medical imaging. This paper delves into the complexities of uncertainty in the segmentation process, focusing on fetal…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-19 Shuge Lei

Instance segmentation with neural networks is an essential task in environment perception. In many works, it has been observed that neural networks can predict false positive instances with high confidence values and true positives with low…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Kira Maag , Matthias Rottmann , Serin Varghese , Fabian Hueger , Peter Schlicht , Hanno Gottschalk

Ensemble disagreement is widely used as a proxy for epistemic uncertainty in medical image segmentation. In practice, many studies form ensembles via K-fold cross-validation (CV), yet refer to them as ``deep ensembles'' (DE). Because CV…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Tristan Kirscher , Markus Bujotzek , Yannick Kirchhoff , Maximilian Rokuss , Fabian Isensee , Kim-Celine Kahl , Balint Kovacs , Klaus Maier-Hein

MR imaging is a valuable diagnostic tool allowing to non-invasively visualize patient anatomy and pathology with high soft-tissue contrast. However, MRI acquisition is typically time-consuming, leading to patient discomfort and increased…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Jan Nikolas Morshuis , Matthias Hein , Christian F. Baumgartner

Obtaining reliable and accurate quantification of uncertainty estimates from deep neural networks is important in safety-critical applications. A well-calibrated model should be accurate when it is certain about its prediction and indicate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Ranganath Krishnan , Omesh Tickoo

In medical imaging, inter-observer variability among radiologists often introduces label uncertainty, particularly in modalities where visual interpretation is subjective. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a prime example-it frequently presents a…

Accurate multi-class segmentation is a long-standing challenge in medical imaging, especially in scenarios where classes share strong similarity. Segmenting retinal blood vessels in retinal photographs is one such scenario, in which…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-10 Yukun Zhou , Moucheng Xu , Yipeng Hu , Hongxiang Lin , Joseph Jacob , Pearse A. Keane , Daniel C. Alexander

Deep neural networks have become the gold-standard approach for the automated segmentation of 3D medical images. Their full acceptance by clinicians remains however hampered by the lack of intelligible uncertainty assessment of the provided…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-23 Benjamin Lambert , Florence Forbes , Senan Doyle , Alan Tucholka , Michel Dojat

Deep learning algorithms have become the golden standard for segmentation of medical imaging data. In most works, the variability and heterogeneity of real clinical data is acknowledged to still be a problem. One way to automatically…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-25 Arkadiy Dushatskiy , Gerry Lowe , Peter A. N. Bosman , Tanja Alderliesten

Survival models are used in various fields, such as the development of cancer treatment protocols. Although many statistical and machine learning models have been proposed to achieve accurate survival predictions, little attention has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Hrushikesh Loya , Pranav Poduval , Deepak Anand , Neeraj Kumar , Amit Sethi

Recent studies have shown that ensemble approaches could not only improve accuracy and but also estimate model uncertainty in deep learning. However, it requires a large number of parameters according to the increase of ensemble models for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-25 Hong Joo Lee , Seong Tae Kim , Hakmin Lee , Nassir Navab , Yong Man Ro

To ensure safe clinical integration, deep learning models must provide more than just high accuracy; they require dependable uncertainty quantification. While current Medical Vision Transformers perform well, they frequently struggle with…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-13 Mohammed Maaz Sibhai , Abedalrhman Alkhateeb , Saad B. Ahmed

The production of thematic maps depicting land cover is one of the most common applications of remote sensing. To this end, several semantic segmentation approaches, based on deep learning, have been proposed in the literature, but land…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-30 Guillem Pascual , Santi Seguí , Jordi Vitrià

Quantifying uncertainty in medical image segmentation applications is essential, as it is often connected to vital decision-making. Compelling attempts have been made in quantifying the uncertainty in image segmentation architectures, e.g.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-06 M. M. A. Valiuddin , C. G. A. Viviers , R. J. G. van Sloun , P. H. N. de With , F. van der Sommen

Medical image segmentation is crucial for accurate clinical diagnoses, yet it faces challenges such as low contrast between lesions and normal tissues, unclear boundaries, and high variability across patients. Deep learning has improved…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-09 Houze Liu , Tong Zhou , Yanlin Xiang , Aoran Shen , Jiacheng Hu , Junliang Du

Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic models have become increasingly popular due to their ability to offer probabilistic modeling and generate diverse outputs. This versatility inspired their adaptation for image segmentation, where multiple…

Despite the recent success of deep learning methods at achieving new state-of-the-art accuracy for medical image segmentation, some major limitations are still restricting their deployment into clinics. One major limitation of deep…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-30 Lucas Fidon

Fully convolutional neural networks (FCNs), and in particular U-Nets, have achieved state-of-the-art results in semantic segmentation for numerous medical imaging applications. Moreover, batch normalization and Dice loss have been used…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-06 Alireza Mehrtash , William M. Wells , Clare M. Tempany , Purang Abolmaesumi , Tina Kapur

Recent works have introduced methods to estimate segmentation performance without ground truth, relying solely on neural network softmax outputs. These techniques hold potential for intuitive output quality control. However, such…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-30 Anna M. Wundram , Paul Fischer , Michael Muehlebach , Lisa M. Koch , Christian F. Baumgartner

Modern deep neural networks achieved remarkable progress in medical image segmentation tasks. However, it has recently been observed that they tend to produce overconfident estimates, even in situations of high uncertainty, leading to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Agostina Larrazabal , Cesar Martinez , Jose Dolz , Enzo Ferrante