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AI model alignment is crucial due to inadvertent biases in training data and the underspecified machine learning pipeline, where models with excellent test metrics may not meet end-user requirements. While post-training alignment via human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 William Overman , Jacqueline Jil Vallon , Mohsen Bayati

This review examines the evidence in the literature for physiological co-modulation during human-animal interaction. The aim of this work is to identify studies that assessed co-modulation via simultaneous measurement of physiological…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-14 G. Bargigli , L. Frassineti , A. Lanata' , P. Baragli , C. Scopa , A. Vignoli

This paper examines the effect of real-time, personalized alignment of a robot's reward function to the human's values on trust and team performance. We present and compare three distinct robot interaction strategies: a non-learner strategy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Shreyas Bhat , Joseph B. Lyons , Cong Shi , X. Jessie Yang

Artificial intelligence is seen as increasingly important, and potentially profoundly so, but the fields of AI ethics and AI engineering have not fully recognized that these technologies, including large language models (LLMs), will have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Sankalpa Ghose , Yip Fai Tse , Kasra Rasaee , Jeff Sebo , Peter Singer

Systematic reviews are crucial for synthesizing scientific evidence but remain labor-intensive, especially when extracting detailed methodological information. Large language models (LLMs) offer potential for automating methodological…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Wenqing Zhang , Trang Nguyen , Elizabeth A. Stuart , Yiqun T. Chen

Recent studies have demonstrated that In-Context Learning (ICL), through the use of specific demonstrations, can align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences known as In-Context Alignment (ICA), indicating that models can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Heyan Huang , Yinghao Li , Huashan Sun , Yu Bai , Yang Gao

The recent advancements in text-to-image generative models have been remarkable. Yet, the field suffers from a lack of evaluation metrics that accurately reflect the performance of these models, particularly lacking fine-grained metrics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Zhiyu Tan , Xiaomeng Yang , Luozheng Qin , Mengping Yang , Cheng Zhang , Hao Li

Increasing interest in ensuring the safety of next-generation Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems calls for novel approaches to embedding morality into autonomous agents. This goal differs qualitatively from traditional task-specific AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Elizaveta Tennant , Stephen Hailes , Mirco Musolesi

Instruction-tuning is a widely adopted finetuning method that enables large language models (LLMs) to generate output that more closely resembles human responses. However, no studies have shown that instruction-tuning actually teaches LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Khai Loong Aw , Syrielle Montariol , Badr AlKhamissi , Martin Schrimpf , Antoine Bosselut

AI developers often apply safety alignment procedures to prevent the misuse of their AI systems. For example, before Meta released Llama 2-Chat - a collection of instruction fine-tuned large language models - they invested heavily in safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Simon Lermen , Charlie Rogers-Smith , Jeffrey Ladish

AI alignment aims to make AI systems behave in line with human intentions and values. As AI systems grow more capable, so do risks from misalignment. To provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the alignment field, in this survey,…

Fine-tuning text-to-image models with reward functions trained on human feedback data has proven effective for aligning model behavior with human intent. However, excessive optimization with such reward models, which serve as mere proxy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Kyuyoung Kim , Jongheon Jeong , Minyong An , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Krishnamurthy Dvijotham , Jinwoo Shin , Kimin Lee

This paper presents the first systematic measurement of educational alignment in Large Language Models. Using a Delphi-validated instrument comprising 48 items across eight educational-theoretical dimensions, the study reveals that GPT-5.1…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Daniel Autenrieth

Behavioral analysis of tutoring dialogues is essential for understanding student learning, yet manual coding remains a bottleneck. We present a methodology where LLM coding agents autonomously improve the prompts used by LLM classifiers to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Eason Chen , Isabel Wang , Nina Yuan , Sophia Judicke , Kayla Beigh , Xinyi Tang

Fine-tuning language models is commonly believed to inevitably harm their safety, i.e., refusing to respond to harmful user requests, even when using harmless datasets, thus requiring additional safety measures. We challenge this belief…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Minseon Kim , Jin Myung Kwak , Lama Alssum , Bernard Ghanem , Philip Torr , David Krueger , Fazl Barez , Adel Bibi

Aligning large language models (LLMs) to human values has become increasingly important as it enables sophisticated steering of LLMs. However, it requires significant human demonstrations and feedback or distillation from proprietary LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Sungdong Kim , Sanghwan Bae , Jamin Shin , Soyoung Kang , Donghyun Kwak , Kang Min Yoo , Minjoon Seo

Improving the alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) with respect to the cultural values that they encode has become an increasingly important topic. In this work, we study whether we can exploit existing knowledge about cultural values…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Rochelle Choenni , Ekaterina Shutova

Contemporary artificial intelligence research has been organized around two dominant ambitions: productivity, which treats AI systems as tools for accelerating work and economic output, and alignment, which focuses on ensuring that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 W. Russell Neuman , Chad Coleman

Bootstrapping from pre-trained language models has been proven to be an efficient approach for building vision-language models (VLM) for tasks such as image captioning or visual question answering. However, outputs of these models rarely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Manuel Brack , Patrick Schramowski , Björn Deiseroth , Kristian Kersting

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated revolutionary capabilities in understanding complex contexts and performing a wide range of tasks. However, LLMs can also answer questions that are unethical or harmful, raising concerns about…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Kang Yang , Guanhong Tao , Xun Chen , Jun Xu