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GUI grounding, the task of mapping natural-language instructions to pixel coordinates, is crucial for autonomous agents, yet remains difficult for current VLMs. The core bottleneck is reliable patch-to-pixel mapping, which breaks when…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Suyuchen Wang , Tianyu Zhang , Ahmed Masry , Christopher Pal , Spandana Gella , Bang Liu , Perouz Taslakian

Agents for computer use (ACUs) are an emerging class of systems capable of executing complex tasks on digital devices -- such as desktops, mobile phones, and web platforms -- given instructions in natural language. These agents can automate…

Computer Use Agents (CUAs) translate natural-language instructions into Graphical User Interface (GUI) actions such as clicks, keystrokes, and scrolls by relying on a Vision-Language Model (VLM) to interpret screenshots and predict grounded…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Xunzhuo Liu , Bowei He , Xue Liu , Andy Luo , Haichen Zhang , Huamin Chen

During software front-end development, the work to convert Graphical User Interface(GUI) image to the corresponding front-end code is an inevitable tedious work. There have been some attempts to make this work to be automatic. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Xiaoling Huang , Feng Liao

The rapid advancement of vision-language models has catalyzed the emergence of GUI agents, which hold immense potential for automating complex tasks, from online shopping to flight booking, thereby alleviating the burden of repetitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Zhongyin Zhao , Yuan Liu , Yikun Liu , Haicheng Wang , Le Tian , Xiao Zhou , Yangxiu You , Zilin Yu , Yang Yu , Jie Zhou

Computer-use agents face a fundamental limitation. They rely exclusively on primitive GUI actions (click, type, scroll), creating brittle execution chains prone to cascading failures. While API-driven agents harness rich capabilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yuhao Yang , Zhen Yang , Zi-Yi Dou , Anh Nguyen , Keen You , Omar Attia , Andrew Szot , Michael Feng , Ram Ramrakhya , Alexander Toshev , Chao Huang , Yinfei Yang , Zhe Gan

Recent text-guided image editing (TIE) models have made remarkable progress, yet edited images still frequently suffer from fine-grained issues such as unnatural objects, lighting mismatch, and unexpected changes. Existing refinement…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zitong Xu , Huiyu Duan , Yifei Nie , Mingda Du , Sijing Wu , Xiongkuo Min , Tianyi Zheng , Jian Zhang , Shusong Xu , Jinwei Chen , Bo Li , Guangtao Zhai

Computer Use Agents (CUAs), autonomous systems that interact with software interfaces via browsers or virtual machines, are rapidly being deployed in consumer and enterprise environments. These agents introduce novel attack surfaces and…

Computer-use agents(CUAs)are moving frombounded benchmarks toward real software environments, wherethey operate browsers, desktops, mobile applications, flesystems,terminals, and tool backends. In such settings, reliability isno longer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zejian Chen , Zhanyuan Liu , Chaozhuo Li , Mengxiang Han , Songyang Liu , Litian Zhang , Feng Gao , Yiming Hei , Xi Zhang

Conditional image editing aims to modify a source image according to textual prompts and optional reference guidance. Such editing is crucial in scenarios requiring strict structural control (i.e., anomaly insertion in driving scenes and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Yuhan Pu , Hao Zheng , Ziqian Mo , Hill Zhang , Tianyi Fan , Shuhong Wu , Jiaheng Wei

Emerging unified editing models have demonstrated strong capabilities in general object editing tasks. However, it remains a significant challenge to perform fine-grained editing in complex multi-entity scenes, particularly those where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yecong Wan , Fan Li , Chunwei Wang , Hao Wu , Mingwen Shao , Wangmeng Zuo

As multimodal agents are increasingly trained to operate graphical user interfaces (GUIs) to complete user tasks, they face a growing threat from indirect prompt injection, attacks in which misleading instructions are embedded into the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yijie Lu , Tianjie Ju , Manman Zhao , Xinbei Ma , Yuan Guo , ZhuoSheng Zhang

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents have made substantial strides in understanding and executing user instructions across diverse platforms. Yet, grounding these instructions to precise interface elements remains challenging, especially…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xinbin Yuan , Jian Zhang , Kaixin Li , Zhuoxuan Cai , Lujian Yao , Jie Chen , Enguang Wang , Qibin Hou , Jinwei Chen , Peng-Tao Jiang , Bo Li

The emergence of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has driven significant advances in Graphical User Interface (GUI) agent capabilities. Nevertheless, existing GUI agent training and inference techniques still suffer from a dilemma…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Shuquan Lian , Yuhang Wu , Jia Ma , Yifan Ding , Zihan Song , Bingqi Chen , Xiawu Zheng , Hui Li , Rongrong Ji

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have markedly expanded the competence of graphical user-interface (GUI) systems, propelling them beyond controlled simulations into complex, real-world environments across diverse platforms. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Bin Lei , Nuo Xu , Ali Payani , Mingyi Hong , Chunhua Liao , Yu Cao , Caiwen Ding

We introduce GUI-360$^\circ$, a large-scale, comprehensive dataset and benchmark suite designed to advance computer-using agents (CUAs). CUAs present unique challenges and is constrained by three persistent gaps: a scarcity of real-world…

Editing images using natural language instructions has become a natural and expressive way to modify visual content; yet, evaluating the performance of such models remains challenging. Existing evaluation approaches often rely on image-text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Yusu Qian , Jiasen Lu , Tsu-Jui Fu , Xinze Wang , Chen Chen , Yinfei Yang , Wenze Hu , Zhe Gan

Graphical user interface (GUI) grounding is a fundamental task for building GUI agents. However, general vision-language models (VLMs) struggle with this task due to a lack of specific optimization. We identify a key gap in this paper:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Weiming Li , Yan Shao , Jing Yang , Yujing Lu , Ling Zhong , Yuhan Wang , Manni Duan

Recent advancements in Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents have predominantly focused on training paradigms like supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning (RL). However, the challenge of high-dynamic GUI environments remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Enqi Liu , Liyuan Pan , Zhi Gao , Yan Yang , Chenrui Shi , Yang Liu , Jingrong Wu , Qing Li

Existing training-free approaches for GUI grounding often rely on multiple inference runs, such as iterative cropping or candidate aggregation, to identify target elements. Despite this additional computation, each forward pass still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jiaping Lin , Fei Shen , Junzhe Li , Ping Nie , Fei Yu , Ming Li , Haizhou Li