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Achieving high performance, energy efficiency, and cost-effectiveness while maintaining architectural flexibility is a critical challenge in the development and deployment of edge AI devices. Monolithic SoC designs struggle with this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Suhas Suresh Bharadwaj , Prerana Ramkumar

While Transformers are dominated by Floating-Point (FP) Matrix-Multiplications, their aggressive acceleration through dedicated hardware or many-core programmable systems has shifted the performance bottleneck to non-linear functions like…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Run Wang , Gamze Islamoglu , Andrea Belano , Viviane Potocnik , Francesco Conti , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

Energy efficiency has emerged as a central challenge for modern high-performance computing (HPC) systems, where escalating computational demands and architectural complexity have led to significant energy footprints. This paper presents the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Kajol Kulkarni , Samuel Kemmler , Anna Schwarz , Gulcin Gedik , Yanxiang Chen , Dimitrios Papageorgiou , Ioannis Kavroulakis , Roman Iakymchuk

GRVI is an FPGA-efficient RISC-V RV32I soft processor. Phalanx is a parallel processor and accelerator array framework. Groups of processors and accelerators form shared memory clusters. Clusters are interconnected with each other and with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-06-06 Jan Gray

VPIC is a general purpose Particle-in-Cell simulation code for modeling plasma phenomena such as magnetic reconnection, fusion, solar weather, and laser-plasma interaction in three dimensions using large numbers of particles. VPIC's…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Robert Bird , Nigel Tan , Scott V. Luedtke , Stephen Lien Harrell , Michela Taufer , Brian Albright

The limited energy available in most embedded systems poses a significant challenge in enhancing the performance of embedded processors and microcontrollers. One promising approach to address this challenge is the use of approximate…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Arvin Delavari , Faraz Ghoreishy , Hadi Shahriar Shahhoseini , Sattar Mirzakuchaki

The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China, fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners. The complex comprises four accelerators: a 30 GeV Linac, a 1.1…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 The CEPC Study Group

We present Occamy, a 432-core RISC-V dual-chiplet 2.5D system for efficient sparse linear algebra and stencil computations on FP64 and narrow (32-, 16-, 8-bit) SIMD FP data. Occamy features 48 clusters of RISC-V cores with custom…

AMD Xilinx's new Versal Adaptive Compute Acceleration Platform (ACAP) is an FPGA architecture combining reconfigurable fabric with other on-chip hardened compute resources. AI engines are one of these and, by operating in a highly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Nick Brown

To meet the computational requirements of modern workloads under tight energy constraints, general-purpose accelerator architectures have to integrate an ever-increasing number of extremely area- and energy-efficient processing elements…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Luca Colagrande , Luca Benini

Virtualization is a key technology used in a wide range of applications, from cloud computing to embedded systems. Over the last few years, mainstream computer architectures were extended with hardware virtualization support, giving rise to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Bruno Sá , Luca Valente , José Martins , Davide Rossi , Luca Benini , Sandro Pinto

Expanding Deep Learning applications toward edge computing demands architectures capable of delivering high computational performance and efficiency while adhering to tight power and memory constraints. Digital In-Memory Computing (DIMC)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Tommaso Spagnolo , Cristina Silvano , Riccardo Massa , Filippo Grillotti , Thomas Boesch , Giuseppe Desoli

Modern GPUs are equipped with tensor cores (TCs) that are commonly used for matrix multiplication in artificial intelligence workloads. However, because they have high computational throughput, they can lead to significant performance gains…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Brian Curless , Michael Gowanlock

Heterogeneous, multicore SoC architectures are a critical component of today's computing landscape. However, supporting both increasing heterogeneity and multicore execution are significant design challenges. Meanwhile, the growing RISC-V…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Joseph Zuckerman , Paolo Mantovani , Davide Giri , Luca P. Carloni

3D interconnects have emerged as a solution to address the scaling issues of interconnect bandwidth and the memory wall problem in high-performance computing (HPC), such as High-Bandwidth Memory (HBM). However, the copper-based electrical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-07 Anirban Samanta , Shun-Hung Lee , Chun-Yi Cheng , Samuel Palermo , S. J. Ben Yoo

This paper presents EMSpice~3, a full-chip multiphysics framework for coupled electromigration (EM), thermomigration (TM), and IR-drop analysis of practical power-grid (P/G) networks. The framework is, to our knowledge, the first EM-IR…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Haotian Lu , Sheldon X. -D. Tan

Modern Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are now considered accelerators for general purpose computation. A tight interaction between the GPU and the interconnection network is the strategy to express the full potential on capability…

FPGA-level emulation is a key step in pre-silicon chip design validation. However, emulating large-scale multi-core systems increasingly exceed the hardware resource capacity of a single FPGA, limiting the feasibility of full-system…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Alexander Kropotov , Miquel Moreto , Behzad Salami

Recent applications in the domain of near-sensor computing require the adoption of floating-point arithmetic to reconcile high precision results with a wide dynamic range. In this paper, we propose a multi-core computing cluster that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Fabio Montagna , Stefan Mach , Simone Benatti , Angelo Garofalo , Gianmarco Ottavi , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi , Giuseppe Tagliavini

In the past two decades, Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) have become increasingly advanced. ECC, with much smaller key sizes, offers equivalent security when compared to other asymmetric cryptosystems. In this survey, an comprehensive…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2017-10-24 Bahram Rashidi