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It is well known that algebraic power series are differentially finite (D-finite): they satisfy linear differential equations with polynomial coefficients. The converse problem, whether a given D-finite power series is algebraic or…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-24 Alin Bostan , Bruno Salvy , Michael F. Singer

We show that there exist real numbers $\alpha_1,\alpha_2$ linearly independent over $\mathbb{Z}$ together with 1 such that for every non-zero integer vector $(m_1,m_2)$ with $m_1\ge 0$ and $m_2\ge 0$ one has $||m_1\alpha_1+m_2\alpha_2|| \ge…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-08-24 Nikolay G. Moshchevitin

A formal series in noncommuting variables $\Sigma$ over the rationals is a mapping $\Sigma^* \to \mathbb Q$. We say that a series is commutative if the value in the output does not depend on the order of the symbols in the input. The…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Lorenzo Clemente

Rational word languages can be defined by several equivalent means: finite state automata, rational expressions, finite congruences, or monadic second-order (MSO) logic. The robust subclass of aperiodic languages is defined by: counter-free…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Emmanuel Filiot , Olivier Gauwin , Nathan Lhote

Neither the Euler-Mascheroni constant, $\gamma=0.577215\ldots$, nor the Euler-Gompertz constant, $\delta=0.596347\ldots$, is currently known to be irrational. However, it has been proved that these two numbers are disjunctively…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-26 Michael R. Powers

The main purpose of this paper is to study the arithmetical properties of values \(\sum_{m=0}^{\infty} \beta^{-w(m)}\), where \(\beta\) is a fixed Pisot or Salem number and \(w(m)\) (\(m=0,1,\ldots\)) are distinct sequences of nonnegative…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-08-11 Hajime Kaneko

Let $q$ be a Pisot or Salem number. Let $f_j(x)$ $(j=1,2,\dots)$ be integer-valued polynomials of degree $\ge2$ with positive leading coefficients, and let $\{a_j (n)\}_{n\ge1}$ $(j=1,2,\dots)$ be sequences of algebraic integers in the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-17 Shinya Kudo

We count algebraic points of bounded height and degree on the graphs of certain functions analytic on the unit disk, obtaining a bound which is polynomial in the degree and in the logarithm of the multiplicative height. We combine this work…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-12 Gareth Boxall , Gareth Jones , Harry Schmidt

This paper studies which functions computed by $\mathbb{Z}$-weighted automata can be realized by $\mathbb{N}$-weighted automata, under two extra assumptions: commutativity (the order of letters in the input does not matter) and polynomial…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Aliaume Lopez

The $n$th term of an automatic sequence is the output of a deterministic finite automaton fed with the representation of $n$ in a suitable numeration system. In this paper, instead of considering automatic sequences built on a numeration…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Michel Rigo , Manon Stipulanti

We give conditions on a finite set of series of rational numbers to ensure that they are algebraically independent. Specialising our results to polynomials of lower degree, we also obtain new results on irrationality and $mathbb{Q}$-linear…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-27 Jaroslav Hancl , Mathias L. Laursen , Simon Kristensen

We show that various aspects of k-automatic sequences -- such as having an unbordered factor of length n -- are both decidable and effectively enumerable. As a consequence it follows that many related sequences are either k-automatic or…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-10-14 Emilie Charlier , Narad Rampersad , Jeffrey Shallit

We study correlation estimates of automatic sequences (that is, sequences computable by finite automata) with polynomial phases. As a consequence, we provide a new class of good weights for classical and polynomial ergodic theorems, not…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2018-03-21 Tanja Eisner , Jakub Konieczny

We study the set of algebraic numbers of bounded height and bounded degree where an analytic transcendental function takes algebraic values.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-01-09 Andrea Surroca

In this paper we study representations of real numbers in a numeral system with the base $a>1$ and alphabet (digits set) $A\equiv\{0,1,...,r\}$, $a-1<r\in N$ given by \[x=\sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{\alpha_n}{a^n}\equiv…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-31 S. O. Vaskevych , Yu. Yu. Vovk , O. M. Pratsiovytyi

This note presents an analytic technique for proving the linear independence of certain small subsets of real numbers over the rational numbers. The applications of this test produce simple linear independence proofs for the subsets of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-04-15 N. A. Carella

We show that automatic sequences are asymptotically orthogonal to periodic exponentials of type $e_q(f(n))$, where $f$ is a rational fraction, in the P\'olya-Vinogradov range. This applies to Kloosterman sums, and may be used to study…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-04 Sary Drappeau , Clemens Müllner

When $A$ and $B$ are subsets of the integers in $[1,X]$ and $[1,Y]$ respectively, with $|A| \geq \alpha X$ and $|B| \geq \beta X$, we show that the number of rational numbers expressible as $a/b$ with $(a,b)$ in $A \times B$ is $\gg (\alpha…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-02-26 Javier Cilleruelo , D. S. Ramana , Olivier Ramare

We construct meta-intransitive systems of independent random variables of any finite order from basic tuple of random variables which generalize intransitive dice. Under this construction, the equality of some linear functional is…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-05-07 Alexey V. Lebedev

We study the weighted multilinear polynomial averages in finite fields. The essential ingredient is the $u^s$-norm control of the corresponding weighted multilinear polynomial averages in finite fields, which is motivated by Ter\"av\"ainen…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-22 Guo-Dong Hong