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Multi-agent systems (MAS) powered by artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly foundational to complex, distributed workflows. Yet, the security of their underlying communication protocols remains critically under-examined. This paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yedidel Louck , Ariel Stulman , Amit Dvir

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, multi-agent systems (MASs) are evolving from classical paradigms toward architectures built upon large foundation models (LFMs). This survey provides a systematic review and comparative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zixiang Wang , Mengjia Gong , Qiyu Sun , Jing Xu , Shuai Mao , Xin Jin , Qing-Long Han , Yang Tang

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) pose a critical privacy threat to fine-tuned large language models (LLMs), especially when models are adapted to domain-specific tasks using sensitive data. While prior black-box MIA techniques rely on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Zhexi Lu , Hongliang Chi , Nathalie Baracaldo , Swanand Ravindra Kadhe , Yuseok Jeon , Lei Yu

Multi-agent systems (MASs) have pushed the boundaries of large language model (LLM) agents in domains such as web research and software engineering. However, long-horizon, multi-constraint planning tasks involve conditioning on detailed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Tianyue Ou , Saujas Vaduguru , Daniel Fried

Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements, their security remains a pressing concern. One major threat is jailbreak attacks, where adversarial prompts bypass model safeguards to generate harmful or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Tiehan Cui , Yanxu Mao , Peipei Liu , Congying Liu , Datao You

Large Language Model Multi-Agent Systems (LLM-MAS) have achieved great progress in solving complex tasks. It performs communication among agents within the system to collaboratively solve tasks, under the premise of shared information.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Wei Liu , Chenxi Wang , Yifei Wang , Zihao Xie , Rennai Qiu , Yufan Dang , Zhuoyun Du , Weize Chen , Cheng Yang , Chen Qian

Memory poisoning attacks for Agentic AI and multi-agent systems (MAS) have recently caught attention. It is partially due to the fact that Large Language Models (LLMs) facilitate the construction and deployment of agents. Different memory…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Vicenç Torra , Maria Bras-Amorós

Autonomous browsing agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to automate web-based tasks. However, their reliance on dynamic content, tool execution, and user-provided data exposes them to a broad attack surface.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Mykyta Mudryi , Markiyan Chaklosh , Grzegorz Wójcik

The design space of agentic AI inference spans two extremes: frontier large language models (LLMs), typically hosted in the cloud and offering strong performance across a wide range of tasks at substantially high cost, and more…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Corrado Rainone , Davide Belli , Bence Major , Arash Behboodi

With the continuous development of large language models (LLMs), transformer-based models have made groundbreaking advances in numerous natural language processing (NLP) tasks, leading to the emergence of a series of agents that use LLMs as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Yuyou Gan , Yong Yang , Zhe Ma , Ping He , Rui Zeng , Yiming Wang , Qingming Li , Chunyi Zhou , Songze Li , Ting Wang , Yunjun Gao , Yingcai Wu , Shouling Ji

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed to enable or improve a multitude of real-world applications. Given the large size of their training data sets, their tendency to memorize training data raises serious privacy and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Pedram Zaree , Md Abdullah Al Mamun , Yue Dong , Ihsen Alouani , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh

In the era of (multi-modal) large language models, most operational processes can be reformulated and reproduced using LLM agents. The LLM agents can perceive, control, and get feedback from the environment so as to accomplish the given…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Yingxuan Yang , Qiuying Peng , Jun Wang , Ying Wen , Weinan Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the promise to revolutionize computing broadly, but their complexity and extensive training data also expose significant privacy vulnerabilities. One of the simplest privacy risks associated with LLMs is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Rongting Zhang , Martin Bertran , Aaron Roth

Large language model (LLM)-powered multi-agent systems (MAS) have demonstrated cognitive and execution capabilities that far exceed those of single LLM agents, yet their capacity for self-evolution remains hampered by underdeveloped memory…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Guibin Zhang , Muxin Fu , Guancheng Wan , Miao Yu , Kun Wang , Shuicheng Yan

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly evolving into autonomous agents that cooperate across organizational boundaries, enabling joint disaster response, supply-chain optimization, and other tasks that demand decentralized expertise…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Ronny Ko , Jiseong Jeong , Shuyuan Zheng , Chuan Xiao , Tae-Wan Kim , Makoto Onizuka , Won-Yong Shin

Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Systems (LLM-MAS) are increasingly applied to complex collaborative scenarios. However, their collaborative mechanisms may cause minor inaccuracies to gradually solidify into system-level false…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yizhe Xie , Congcong Zhu , Xinyue Zhang , Tianqing Zhu , Dayong Ye , Minfeng Qi , Huajie Chen , Wanlei Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Natural Language Processing but exhibit limitations, particularly in autonomously addressing novel challenges such as reasoning and problem-solving. Traditional techniques like…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Sumedh Rasal

Agentic AI systems, built upon large language models (LLMs) and deployed in multi-agent configurations, are redefining intelligence, autonomy, collaboration, and decision-making across enterprise and societal domains. This review presents a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Shaina Raza , Ranjan Sapkota , Manoj Karkee , Christos Emmanouilidis

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled them to overcome their context window limitations, and demonstrate exceptional retrieval and reasoning capacities on longer context. Quesion-answering systems augmented with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Zixiong Wang , Gaoyang Liu , Yang Yang , Chen Wang

Large language models, employed as multiple agents that interact and collaborate with each other, have excelled at solving complex tasks. The agents are programmed with prompts that declare their functionality, along with the topologies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Han Zhou , Xingchen Wan , Ruoxi Sun , Hamid Palangi , Shariq Iqbal , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen , Sercan Ö. Arık