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Urban science has largely relied on universal models, rendering the heterogeneous and locally specific nature of cities effectively invisible. Here we introduce a topological framework that defines and detects localities in human mobility…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-10-21 Hezhishi Jiang , Liyan Xu , Tianshu Li , Jintong Tang , Zekun Chen , Yuxuan Wang , Haoran Liu , Hongmou Zhang , Huanfa Chen , Yu Liu

We present UrbanScene3D, a large-scale data platform for research of urban scene perception and reconstruction. UrbanScene3D contains over 128k high-resolution images covering 16 scenes including large-scale real urban regions and synthetic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Liqiang Lin , Yilin Liu , Yue Hu , Xingguang Yan , Ke Xie , Hui Huang

Urban land cover doubled between 1985 and 2015, yet the spatial dynamics of urban form remain under-quantified, despite its importance for sustainability, infrastructure planning, and climate risk. Urban expansion is a non-equilibrium…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-03-10 Marc Barthelemy , Ulysse Marquis

Understanding people's preferences is crucial for urban planning, yet current approaches often combine responses from multi-cultural populations, obscuring demographic differences and risking amplifying biases. We conducted a largescale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Matias Quintana , Youlong Gu , Xiucheng Liang , Yujun Hou , Koichi Ito , Yihan Zhu , Mahmoud Abdelrahman , Filip Biljecki

In the past decade, cities have experienced rapid growth, expansion, and changes in their community structure. Many aspects of critical urban infrastructure are closely coupled with the human communities that they serve. Urban communities…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Weisi Guo , Guillem Mosquera Donate , Stephen Law , Samuel Johnson , Maria Liakata , Alan Wilson

Cities play a pivotal role in human development and sustainability, yet studying them presents significant challenges due to the vast scale and complexity of spatial-temporal data. One such challenge is the need to uncover universal urban…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Zhenhui Li , Hongwei Zhang , Kan Wu

Cities are characterized by the coexistence of general aggregate patterns, along with many local variations. This poses challenges for analyses of urban phenomena, which tend to be either too aggregated or too local, depending on the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-09-30 Luís M. A. Bettencourt , Ivanna Rodriguez , Jordan T. Kemp , José Lobo

Understanding how urban systems and traffic dynamics co-evolve is crucial for advancing sustainable and resilient cities. However, their bidirectional causal relationships remain underexplored due to challenges of simultaneously inferring…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-10-30 Yatao Zhang , Ye Hong , Song Gao , Martin Raubal

Climate models lack the necessary resolution for urban climate studies, requiring computationally intensive processes to estimate high resolution air temperatures. In contrast, Data-driven approaches offer faster and more accurate air…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-09-05 Fatemeh Chajaei , Hossein Bagheri

The rapid development of urbanization during the past decades has significantly improved people's lives but also introduced new challenges on effective functional urban planning and transportation management. The functional regions defined…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Zhuochen Jin , Nan Cao , Yang Shi , Hanghang Tong , Yingcai Wu

Understanding and predicting pedestrian dynamics has become essential for shaping safer, more responsive, and human-centered urban environments. This study conducts a comprehensive scientometric analysis of research on data-driven…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Junhao Xu , Hui Zeng

Urban analytics utilizes extensive datasets with diverse urban information to simulate, predict trends, and uncover complex patterns within cities. While these data enables advanced analysis, it also presents challenges due to its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Ximena Pocco , Waqar Hassan , Karelia Salinas , Vladimir Molchanov , Luis G. Nonato

Urban space is highly heterogeneous, with population and human activities concentrating in localized centers. However, the global organization of such intra-urban centers remains poorly understood due to the lack of consistent, comparable…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-21 Shuai Pang , Junlong Zhang , Yu Liu , Lei Dong

In an impending urban age where the majority of the world's population will live in cities, it is critical that we improve our understanding of the strengths and limitations of existing city designs to ensure they are safe, clean, can…

Urban planning and morphology have relied on analytical cartography and visual communication tools for centuries to illustrate spatial patterns, propose designs, compare alternatives, and engage the public. Classic urban form visualizations…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-10-02 Geoff Boeing

Urban inequality, as reflected by uneven spatial allocations of resources, services, and opportunities, has arisen as a major topic for quantitative research and policy intervention. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provide a solid…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-08-13 Mahshid Gorjian

The difference of a city's artificial land use (ALU) radial profile to the average ALU profile is examined for 585 European cities. Using Urban Atlas 2012 data, a radial (or monocentric) approach is used to calculate a city's land use…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-10-25 Paul Kilgarriff , Remi Lemoy , Geoffrey Caruso

Urban waste management remains a critical challenge for the development of smart cities. Despite the growing number of litter detection datasets, the problem of monitoring overflowing waste containers, particularly from images captured by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Diogo J. Paulo , João Martins , Hugo Proença , João C. Neves

Accurately characterizing land surface changes with Earth Observation requires geo-localized ground truth. In the European Union (EU), a tri-annual surveyed sample of land cover and land use has been collected since 2006 under the Land…

A promising method for improving the representation of clouds in climate models, and hence climate projections, is to develop machine learning-based parameterizations using output from global storm-resolving models. While neural networks…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-05-06 Arthur Grundner , Tom Beucler , Pierre Gentine , Veronika Eyring