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Pixel-level slum mapping has long been constrained by limited cross-city generalisation, the absence of continuous density estimation, and weak global comparability. AlphaEarth Foundations (AEF), a globally consistent 64-dimensional annual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Shuyang Hou , Ziqi Liu , Haoyue Jiao , Zhangyan Xu , Xiaopu Zhang , Lutong Xie , Yaxian Qing , Jianyuan Liang , Xuefeng Guan , Huayi Wua

Urban morphology and socioeconomic aspects of cities have been explored by analysing urban street network. To analyse the network, several variations of the centrality indices are often used. However, its nature has not yet been widely…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-03-23 Kaoru Yamaoka , Yusuke Kumakoshi , Yuji Yoshimura

Urban morphology has a significant impact on sustainable urban outcomes in the ecological, social, and economic sectors. Nonetheless, academics lack clarity and consensus on how to quantify urban morphology indicators, which impedes…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-08-13 Mahshid Gorjian

The vitality of urban spaces has been steadily undermined by the pervasive adoption of car-centric forms of urban development as characterised by lower densities, street networks offering poor connectivity for pedestrians, and a lack of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-01-24 Gareth D. Simons

The growth of mobile sensor technologies have made it possible for city councils to understand peoples' behaviour in urban spaces which could help to reduce stress around the city. We present a quantitative approach to convey a collective…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Thomas Johnson , Eiman Kanjo , Kieran Woodward

In this paper, we develop a novel approach to measuring urban sprawl based on street nodes and naturally defined urban boundaries, both extracted from massive volunteered geographic information OpenStreetMap databases through some…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2010-12-09 Tao Jia , Bin Jiang

There is a prevailing trend to study urban morphology quantitatively thanks to the growing accessibility to various forms of spatial big data, increasing computing power, and use cases benefiting from such information. The methods developed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Wangyang Chen , Abraham Noah Wu , Filip Biljecki

Urbanization is advancing rapidly, covering less than 2% of Earth's surface yet profoundly influencing global environments and experiencing disproportionate impacts from extreme weather events. Effective urban management and planning…

Quantifying urban areas is crucial for addressing associated urban issues such as environmental and sustainable problems. Remote sensing data, especially the nighttime light images, have been widely used to delineate urbanized areas across…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-01-26 Wenpu Cao , Lei Dong , Lun Wu , Yu Liu

Intelligent Transportation Systems increasingly depend on heterogeneous data from roadside cameras, UAV imagery, LiDAR, and in-vehicle sensors, yet the lack of unified data standards, model interfaces, and evaluation protocols across these…

Urban cultures and architectural styles vary significantly across cities due to geographical, chronological, historical, and socio-political factors. Understanding these differences is essential for anticipating how cities may evolve in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Jun Yin , Jing Zhong , Peilin Li , Ruolin Pan , Pengyu Zeng , Miao Zhang , Shuai Lu

The growing homelessness crisis in the U.S. presents complex social, economic, and public health challenges, straining shelters, healthcare, and social services while limiting effective interventions. Traditional assessment methods struggle…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Julia Gersey , Rose Allegrette , Joshua Lian , Zawad Munshi , Aarti Phatke

Street view data is increasingly being used in computer vision applications in recent years. Machine learning datasets are collected for these applications using simple sampling techniques. These datasets are assumed to be a systematic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Tim Alpherts , Sennay Ghebreab , Nanne van Noord

Over the past decades, improvements in data collection hardware coupled with novel artificial intelligence algorithms have made it possible for researchers to understand urban environments at an unprecedented scale. From local interactions…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Joao Rulff , Giancarlo Pereira , Maryam Hosseini , Marcos Lage , Claudio Silva

High-definition 3D city maps enable city planning and change detection, which is essential for municipal compliance, map maintenance, and asset monitoring, including both built structures and urban greenery. Conventional Digital Surface…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Hezam Albagami , Haitian Wang , Xinyu Wang , Muhammad Ibrahim , Zainy M. Malakan , Abdullah M. Alqamdi , Mohammed H. Alghamdi , Ajmal Mian

We present Urban-ImageNet, a large-scale multi-modal dataset and evaluation benchmark for urban space perception from user-generated social media imagery. The corpus contains over 2 Million public social media images and paired textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yiwei Ou , Chung Ching Cheung , Jun Yang Ang , Xiaobin Ren , Ronggui Sun , Guansong Gao , Kaiqi Zhao , Manfredo Manfredini

Designing socially active streets has long been a goal of urban planning, yet existing quantitative research largely measures pedestrian volume rather than the quality of social interactions. We hypothesize that street view imagery -- an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Kieran Elrod , Katherine Flanigan , Mario Bergés

Urban planning is increasingly data driven, yet the challenge of designing with data at a city scale and remaining sensitive to the impact at a human scale is as important today as it was for Jane Jacobs. We address this challenge with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Fabio Miranda , Maryam Hosseini , Marcos Lage , Harish Doraiswamy , Graham Dove , Claudio T. Silva

The dynamics of city's spatial structures are determined by the coupling of functional components (such as restaurants and shops) and human beings within the city. Yet, there still lacks mechanism models to quantify the spatial distribution…

Urban region profiling can benefit urban analytics. Although existing studies have made great efforts to learn urban region representation from multi-source urban data, there are still three limitations: (1) Most related methods focused…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Y. Luo , F. Chung , K. Chen