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High penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) introduces significant uncertainty and intermittency into microgrid operations, posing challenges to economic and reliable scheduling. To address this, this paper proposes an end-to-end…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-04 Tingwei Cao , Yan Xu

Real-time dispatch practices for operating the electric grid in an economic and reliable manner are evolving to accommodate higher levels of renewable energy generation. In particular, stochastic optimization is receiving increased…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-06-28 Ryan N. King , Matthew Reynolds , Devon Sigler , Wesley Jones

In high renewables-integrated power systems, irrespective to their sizes, energy storage is commonly included and utilized to mitigate fluctuations from both the load and renewable power generation, ensuring system reliability, among which…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-08 Cunzhi Zhao , Xingpeng Li

This paper presents mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulations to obtain optimal sizing for a battery energy storage system (BESS) and solar generation system in an extreme fast charging station (XFCS) to reduce the annualized…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-31 Waqas ur Rehman , Rui Bo , Hossein Mehdipourpicha , Jonathan Kimball

This study investigates the economic viability and optimal configuration of a hybrid industrial energy system combining an electrode boiler, steam accumulator, and battery energy storage system (BESS). This study optimizes system operation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-18 Olav Galteland , Jacob Hadler-Jacobsen , Hanne Kauko

High penetrations of intermittent renewable energy resources in the power system require large balancing reserves for reliable operations. Aggregated and coordinated behind-the-meter loads can provide these fast reserves, but represent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-03 Mahraz Amini , Mads Almassalkhi

Accurate load prediction is an effective way to reduce power system operation costs. Traditionally, the mean square error (MSE) is a common-used loss function to guide the training of an accurate load forecasting model. However, the MSE…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-06 Jialun Zhang , Yi Wang , Gabriela Hug

The global ambitions of a carbon-neutral society necessitate a stable and robust smart grid that capitalises on frequency reserves of renewable energy. Frequency reserves are resources that adjust power production or consumption in real…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Thimal Kempitiya , Seppo Sierla , Daswin De Silva , Matti Yli-Ojanpera , Damminda Alahakoon , Valeriy Vyatkin

Analytical join queries over unstructured data are increasingly prevalent in data analytics. Applying machine learning (ML) models to label every pair in the cross product of tables can achieve state-of-the-art accuracy, but the cost of…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yuxuan Zhu , Tengjun Jin , Chenghao Mo , Daniel Kang

Meeting the ever-growing needs of the power grid requires constant infrastructure enhancement. There are two important aspects for a grid ability to ensure continuous and reliable electricity delivery to consumers: capacity, the maximum…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-08 Rene Carmona , Xinshuo Yang , Claire Zeng

We examine the novel problem of the estimation of transaction arrival processes in the intraday electricity markets. We model the inter-arrivals using multiple time-varying parametric densities based on the generalized F distribution…

General Economics · Economics 2019-12-03 Michał Narajewski , Florian Ziel

Large penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) brings huge uncertainty into the electricity markets. The current deterministic clearing approach in the day-ahead (DA) market, where RESs participate based on expected production, has…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-07 Yufan Zhang , Honglin Wen , Yuexin Bian , Yuanyuan Shi

Forecasting electricity demand plays a critical role in ensuring reliable and cost-efficient operation of the electricity supply. With the global transition to distributed renewable energy sources and the electrification of heating and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Konstantin Hopf , Hannah Hartstang , Thorsten Staake

Monthly demand charges form a significant portion of the electric bill for microgrids with variable renewable energy generation. A battery energy storage system (BESS) is commonly used to manage these demand charges. Economic model…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-17 Cristian Cortes-Aguirre , Yi-An Chen , Avik Ghosh , Jan Kleissl , Adil Khurram

High renewable penetration has significantly reduced system inertia in modern power grids, increasing the need for fast frequency response (FFR) from distributed and non-traditional resources. While electric vehicles (EVs), data centers,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-17 Xiaojie Tao , Rajit Gadh

Optimal investment in battery energy storage systems, taking into account degradation, sizing and control, is crucial for the deployment of battery storage, of which providing frequency control is one of the major applications. In this…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Jonas Engels , Bert Claessens , Geert Deconinck

Electricity market prices exhibit extreme volatility, nonlinearity, and non-stationarity, making accurate forecasting a significant challenge. While cutting-edge time series foundation models (TSFMs) effectively capture temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yunzhong Qiu , Binzhu Li , Hao Wei , Shenglin Weng , Chen Wang , Zhongyi Pei , Mingsheng Long , Jianmin Wang

Maximizing revenue for grid-scale battery energy storage systems in continuous intraday electricity markets requires strategies that are able to seize trading opportunities as soon as new information arrives. This paper introduces and…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-08-27 David Schaurecker , David Wozabal , Nils Löhndorf , Thorsten Staake

Long-duration energy storage (LDES) is a key component for fully renewable, sector-coupled energy systems based on wind and solar. While capacity expansion planning has begun to take into account interannual weather variability, it often…

General Economics · Economics 2025-06-11 Felix Schmidt

Forecast combination methods have traditionally emphasized symmetric loss functions, particularly squared error loss, with equally weighted combinations often justified as a robust approach under such criteria. However, these justifications…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-08 Henry D. van Eijk , Sujit K. Ghosh