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Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are a cornerstone of the energy transition, as their ability to shift electricity across time enables both grid stability and the integration of renewable generation. This paper investigates the…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-30 Daniel Oeltz , Tobias Pfingsten

With the integration of renewable energy resources in power systems, managing operational flexibility and reliability while minimizing operational costs has become increasingly challenging. Battery energy storage system (BESS) offers a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-24 Shishir Lamichhane , Anamika Dubey

The dynamic dispatch (DD) of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in microgrids integrated with volatile energy resources is essentially a multiperiod stochastic optimization problem (MSOP). Because the life span of a BESS is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-07 Yuwei Shang , Wenchuan Wu , Jianbo Guo , Zhe Lv , Zhao Ma , Wanxing Sheng , Ran Chen

We develop a stochastic game-theoretic model for intraday dispatch of grid-scale battery energy storage systems (BESSs). We assume that each BESS operator competitively manages her state-of-charge to maximize energy arbitrage revenues,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Ruimeng Hu , Mike Ludkovski , Hezhong Zhang

This paper presents a unified framework for the optimal scheduling of battery dispatch and internal power allocation in Battery energy storage systems (BESS). This novel approach integrates both market-based (price-aware) signals and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-02 Sheng Yin , Vivek Teja Tanjavooru , Thomas Hamacher , Christoph Goebel , Holger Hesse

This paper studies the synergy of solar-battery energy storage system (BESS) and develops a viable strategy for the BESS to unlock its economic potential by serving as a backup to reduce solar curtailments while also participating in the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-30 Jinhao Li , Changlong Wang , Hao Wang

This paper presents a degradation-cost-aware optimization framework for multi-string battery energy storage systems, emphasizing the impact of inhomogeneous subsystem-level aging in operational decision-making. We evaluate four scenarios…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-27 Melina Graner , Martin Cornejo , Holger Hesse , Andreas Jossen

This paper proposes a novel computationally efficient algorithm for optimal sizing of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) considering renewable energy bidding strategies. Unlike existing two-stage methods, our algorithm enables the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-24 Taiyo Mantani , Hikaru Hoshino , Tomonari Kanazawa , Eiko Furutani

Electricity storage is used for intertemporal price arbitrage and for ancillary services that balance unforeseen supply and demand fluctuations via frequency regulation. We present an optimization model that computes bids for both arbitrage…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Dirk Lauinger , Luc Coté , Andy Sun

Wind energy has been rapidly gaining popularity as a means for combating climate change. However, the variable nature of wind generation can undermine system reliability and lead to wind curtailment, causing substantial economic losses to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Jinhao Li , Changlong Wang , Hao Wang

We consider a two-level profit-maximizing strategy, including planning and control, for battery energy storage system (BESS) owners that participate in the primary frequency control (PFC) market. Specifically, the optimal BESS control…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-04-05 Ying Jun , Zhang , Changhong Zhao , Wanrong Tang , Steven H. Low

Recent studies concerning the point electricity price forecasting have shown evidence that the hourly German Intraday Continuous Market is weak-form efficient. Therefore, we take a novel, advanced approach to the problem. A probabilistic…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-02-02 Michał Narajewski , Florian Ziel

Aggregators of consumer energy resources (CERs) like rooftop solar and battery energy storage (BES) face challenges due to their inherent uncertainties. A sensible approach is to use stochastic optimization to handle such uncertainties,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-03 Chatum Sankalpa , Ghulam Mohy-ud-din , Erik Weyer , Maria Vrakopoulou

Given the declining cost of battery technology in the last decade, nowadays BESS becomes a more attractive solution in electrical power systems. The objective of this work is to analyze the potential utilization of BESS in the major…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-07-04 Yu Hu , Miguel Armada , Maria Jesus Sanchez

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) are increasingly critical to power-system stability, yet their operation and maintenance remain dominated by reactive, expert-dependent diagnostics. While cell-level inconsistencies provide early…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-08 Jingbo Qu , Yijie Wang , Yujie Fu , Putai Zhang , Weihan Li , Mian Li

The balancing market in the energy sector plays a critical role in physically and financially balancing the supply and demand. Modeling dynamics in the balancing market can provide valuable insights and prognosis for power grid stability…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-03 Oskar Våle , Shiliang Zhang , Sabita Maharjan , Gro Klæboe

The penetration of distributed renewable energy (DRE) greatly raises the risk of distribution network operation such as peak shaving and voltage stability. Battery energy storage (BES) has been widely accepted as the most potential…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-07-03 Chenghui Tang , Jian Xu , Yuanzhang Sun , Siyang Liao , Deping Ke , Xiong Li

The power system needs more transmission capacity to deal with the increasing integration of renewable energy resources. The battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are effective to enhance the grid capacity and relieve the transmission…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-18 Zhongyang Zhao , Caisheng Wang , Masoud H. Nazari

Large-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS) have found ever-increasing use across industry and society to accelerate clean energy transition and improve energy supply reliability and resilience. However, their optimal power management…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-05 Amir Farakhor , Iman Askari , Di Wu , Yebin Wang , Huazhen Fang

In the last five years, expected shortfall (ES) and stressed ES (SES) have become key required regulatory measures of market risk in the banking sector, especially following events such as the global financial crisis. Thus, finding ways to…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-12-16 Eden Gross , Ryan Kruger , Francois Toerien