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Recently, a new population of compact, high-redshift (z>7) galaxies appeared as little red dots (LRDs) in deep JWST observations. The latest spectroscopic data indicates that these galaxies contain an evolved stellar population, reflecting…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-19 Abraham Loeb

One of the most puzzling discoveries by JWST is the population of high-redshift, red, and compact galaxies dubbed little red dots (LRDs). Based on broad-line diagnostics, these galaxies have been argued to host accreting $10^7-10^8$…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-30 Andrea Sacchi , Akos Bogdan

One of the most remarkable discoveries of JWST is a population of compact, red sources at z > 4, commonly referred to as Little Red Dots (LRDs). Spectroscopic identifications reported that most LRDs are active galactic nuclei (AGNs), which…

JWST is revolutionizing our view of the early Universe by pushing the boundaries of detectable galaxies and black holes in redshift (upward) and mass (downward). The Little Red Dots (LRDs), detected by several surveys at $z > 4$, present a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-05-23 Emmanuel Durodola , Fabio Pacucci , Ryan C. Hickox

The population of the Little Red Dots (LRDs) may represent a key phase of supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth. A cocoon of dense excited gas is emerging as key component to explain the most striking properties of LRDs, such as strong…

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has uncovered a population of compact, high-redshift sources, the Little Red Dots (LRDs), which may host supermassive black holes (BHs) significantly heavier than their stellar content compared with…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-23 Valerio De Luca , Loris Del Grosso , Gabriele Franciolini , Konstantinos Kritos , Emanuele Berti , Daniel D'Orazio , Joseph Silk

Local active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in dwarf galaxies are often considered as analogs for the earliest supermassive black holes, although their connections require more comprehensive examinations. Motivated by finding the local analogs of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-07 Lulu Bao , Chao-Wei Tsai , Jingwen Wu , Jialai Wang

Among the most puzzling early discoveries of JWST are "Little Red Dots" -- compact red sources that host broad Balmer emission lines and, in many cases, exhibit a "V shaped" change in slope in the rest-optical. The physical properties of…

We study little red dots (LRD) detected by JADES and covered by the SMILES MIRI survey. Our sample contains 31 sources, $\sim70$% detected in the two bluest MIRI bands, 40% in redder filters. The median/quartiles redshifts are…

Little red dots (LRDs), a population of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) recently discovered by JWST, show distinctive Balmer-transition features, including prominent Balmer absorption, pronounced Balmer breaks, and large equivalent widths of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-15 Zu Yan , Kohei Inayoshi , Kejian Chen , Jingsong Guo

We present a luminous Little Red Dot (LRD) at $z=6.027$, doubly imaged by the galaxy cluster Abell 383 and observed with JWST/NIRCam. The source shows the characteristic "V-shaped" SED and pronounced Balmer break that define the LRD…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-04 Josephine F. W. Baggen , Pieter van Dokkum , Ivo Labbé , Gabriel Brammer

We compile JWST/NIRSpec prism and MIRI data for 249 Little Red Dots (LRDs) at 2.3<z<9.3, forming a representative spectroscopic subset of NIRCam-selected LRDs. We derive a median stacked spectrum covering rest-frame 0.09-1.2 $\mu$m, with…

JWST has revealed an abundance of compact, red objects at $z\approx5-8$ dubbed "little red dots" (LRDs), whose SEDs display a faint blue UV continuum followed by a steep rise in the optical. Despite extensive study of their characteristic…

The recent discovery of little red dots - a population of extremely compact and highly dust-reddened high redshift galaxies - by the James Webb Space Telescope presents a new challenge to the fields of astrophysics and cosmology. Their…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-12-10 Louis M. T. Arts

Little red dots (LRDs) are compact high-redshift objects, newly discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope. Although LRDs exhibit broad Balmer emission lines suggestive of the presence of active galactic nuclei (AGN), their spectral…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-29 Tomoya Suzuguchi , Kohei Inayoshi

We test whether "Little Red Dots" (LRDs) are dust-reddened, high-inclination counterparts of compact, blue broad-line AGNs ("Little Blue Dots", LBDs) powered by super-Eddington accretion. We model the central engine as a geometrically…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-27 Piero Madau , Roberto Maiolino

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has unveiled a population of enigmatic, compact sources at high redshift known as ``Little Red Dots'' (LRDs), whose physical nature remains a subject of intense debate. Concurrently, the rapid assembly…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-01 Devesh Nandal , Abraham Loeb
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