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As an unprecedented large population in the early universe, the JWST-discovered little red dots (LRDs) have garnered much attention for formation of massive black holes and galaxies, but their nature remains a mystery. The LRDs appearing as…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-13 Jian-Min Wang , Yi-Lin Wang , Yong-Jie Chen , Jun-Rong Liu , Yu-Yang Songsheng , Cheng Cheng , Yan-Rong Li , Pu Du , Hao Zhang , Yu Zhao

Little red dots (LRDs) are a puzzling population of extragalactic sources whose origin is highly debated. In this {work}, we performed a comprehensive stacking analysis of NIRCam, MIRI, and ALMA images of a large and homogeneously selected…

We present the properties of two candidate massive ($M_\star\sim10^{11}M_\odot$) and dusty ($A_{\rm v}>2.5$ mag) galaxies at $z=5-7$ in the first 0.28 deg$^2$ of the COSMOS-Web survey. One object is spectroscopically confirmed at $z_{\rm…

The unprecedented sensitivity of the \textit{James Webb Space Telescope} (\textit{JWST}) has revolutionized our understanding of the early universe. Among the most intriguing \textit{JWST} discoveries are red, very compact objects showing…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-02-07 Muhammad A. Latif , Ammara Aftab , Daniel J. Whalen , Mar Mezcua

The origin of the rest-optical emission of compact, red, high-redshift sources known as `little red dots' (LRDs) poses a major puzzle. If interpreted as starlight, it would imply that LRDs would constitute the densest stellar systems in the…

The abundant population of "Little Red Dots" (LRDs)-compact objects with red UV to optical colors and broad Balmer lines at high redshift-is unveiling new insights into the properties of early active galactic nuclei (AGN). Perhaps the most…

JWST has revealed a population of compact `Little Red Dots' (LRDs) at $z\gtrsim4$, with red rest-frame optical and blue UV colors. These objects are likely compact dusty starbursts or heavily reddened AGNs, playing a pivotal role in early…

Little Red Dots (LRDs) are some the most intriguing galaxy populations recently identified at z>~4 with JWST. They constitute the most extreme class of a more abundant population of sources with `V-shaped' spectral energy distributions…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-20 Euclid Collaboration , A. A. Tumborang , K. I. Caputi , P. Rinaldi , L. Bisigello , G. Girardi , E. Iani , R. Bouwens , R. Navarro-Carrera , G. Desprez , R. A. Cooper , Y. Fu , Y. Toba , J. Matthee , B. Milvang-Jensen , P. G. Perez-Gonzalez , F. Ricci , G. Rodighiero , J. Schaye , F. Tarsitano , G. Zamorani , M. Baes , C. M. Gutierrez , H. Hoekstra , K. Jahnke , D. Scott , D. Stern , B. Altieri , S. Andreon , N. Auricchio , C. Baccigalupi , M. Baldi , A. Balestra , S. Bardelli , P. Battaglia , A. Biviano , E. Branchini , M. Brescia , S. Camera , V. Capobianco , C. Carbone , J. Carretero , S. Casas , M. Castellano , G. Castignani , S. Cavuoti , K. C. Chambers , A. Cimatti , C. Colodro-Conde , G. Congedo , C. J. Conselice , L. Conversi , Y. Copin , F. Courbin , H. M. Courtois , M. Cropper , J. -G. Cuby , A. Da Silva , H. Degaudenzi , G. De Lucia , H. Dole , M. Douspis , F. Dubath , X. Dupac , M. Farina , R. Farinelli , F. Faustini , S. Ferriol , F. Finelli , S. Fotopoulou , N. Fourmanoit , M. Frailis , E. Franceschi , M. Fumana , S. Galeotta , K. George , B. Gillis , C. Giocoli , J. Gracia-Carpio , A. Grazian , F. Grupp , S. V. H. Haugan , W. Holmes , I. M. Hook , F. Hormuth , A. Hornstrup , M. Jhabvala , B. Joachimi , S. Kermiche , A. Kiessling , B. Kubik , M. Kümmel , M. Kunz , H. Kurki-Suonio , A. M. C. Le Brun , S. Ligori , P. B. Lilje , V. Lindholm , I. Lloro , G. Mainetti , E. Maiorano , O. Mansutti , S. Marcin , O. Marggraf , M. Martinelli , N. Martinet , F. Marulli , R. J. Massey , E. Medinaceli , S. Mei , M. Meneghetti , E. Merlin , G. Meylan , A. Mora , M. Moresco , L. Moscardini , C. Neissner , R. C. Nichol , S. -M. Niemi , J. W. Nightingale , C. Padilla , S. Paltani , F. Pasian , K. Pedersen , W. J. Percival , V. Pettorino , S. Pires , G. Polenta , M. Poncet , L. A. Popa , L. Pozzetti , F. Raison , A. Renzi , J. Rhodes , G. Riccio , E. Romelli , M. Roncarelli , B. Rusholme , R. Saglia , Z. Sakr , D. Sapone , M. Schirmer , P. Schneider , T. Schrabback , A. Secroun , G. Seidel , E. Sihvola , P. Simon , C. Sirignano , G. Sirri , L. Stanco , P. Tallada-Crespí , A. N. Taylor , H. I. Teplitz , I. Tereno , N. Tessore , S. Toft , R. Toledo-Moreo , F. Torradeflot , I. Tutusaus , L. Valenziano , J. Valiviita , T. Vassallo , G. Verdoes Kleijn , A. Veropalumbo , Y. Wang , J. Weller , F. M. Zerbi , E. Zucca , M. Huertas-Company , J. Martín-Fleitas , V. Scottez

Little Red Dots (LRDs) are a population of compact, red sources that have emerged as one of the most puzzling findings of JWST. Variability provides a direct probe of their central engines. Here we present the first joint spectroscopic and…

Recent observations by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed a previously hidden population of extremely bright and compact objects between redshifts of $z \sim 4$ and $z \sim 10$. Given their extreme red colouring in the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-09-23 Jake Feeney , Patrick Kavanagh , John A. Regan

By virtue of their red color, the dust in little red dots (LRDs) has been thought to be of appreciable influence, whether that dust is distributed in a torus around a compact active galactic nucleus (AGN) or diffuse in the interstellar…

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has revealed a previously unknown population of compact, red galaxies at $z \sim 5$, known as "Little Red Dots" (LRDs). With effective radii of $\sim 100$ pc and stellar masses of $10^9-10^{11} \,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-14 Fabio Pacucci , Lars Hernquist , Michiko Fujii

Since the launch of James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in late 2021, our understanding of high-redshift objects has faced several upheavals. JWST has discovered much more massive galaxies and supermassive black holes (SMBH) than cosmological…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-05 David D Vaida , Ryan Jeffrey Farber

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has uncovered many compact galaxies at high redshift with broad hydrogen and helium lines, including the enigmatic population of little red dots (LRDs). The nature of these galaxies is debated and is…

The high-redshift ($z>4$) compact sources with ``V-shaped" spectral energy distributions (SEDs), known as Little Red Dots (LRDs), are discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope and provide valuable clues to the physics of active galactic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-08-26 Shuying Zhou , Mouyuan Sun , Zijian Zhang , Jie Chen , Luis C. Ho

Little Red Dots (LRDs) are enigmatic, compact, red galaxies at high redshift, $z\sim 4$-$7$, discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope. Broad emission lines in the absence of X-ray and radio counterparts suggest that they host accreting…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-29 Riku Kuze , Kunihito Ioka , Kohta Murase , Shigeo S. Kimura , Kohei Inayoshi

We present simulated counterparts of the ``Little Red Dot'' (LRD) galaxies observed with JWST, using the large cosmological hydrodynamic simulation, ASTRID. We create mock observations of the galaxies ($5 \leq z \leq 8$) in ASTRID, and find…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-21 Patrick LaChance , Rupert A. C. Croft , Tiziana Di Matteo , Yihao Zhou , Fabio Pacucci , Yueying Ni , Nianyi Chen , Simeon Bird

We argue that the "Little Red Dots" (LRDs) discovered with the James Webb Space Telescope are quasi-stars in their late stages of evolution. Quasi-stars are hypothetical objects predicted to form following the core collapse of supermassive…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-25 Mitchell C. Begelman , Jason Dexter

JWST has revealed a large population of compact, red galaxies at $z>4$ known as Little Red Dots (LRDs). We analyze the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 95 LRDs from the JWST PRIMER survey with complete photometric coverage from…

We utilize JWST imaging of the massive lensing cluster field A2744 to find close pairs of compact sources with separations less than 0.25". A large fraction of these "Double Dots" correspond to Little Red Dots (LRDs) or high-redshift…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-28 A. J. Barger , L. L. Cowie