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Homomorphic encryption (HE) is a promising privacy-preserving technique for cross-silo federated learning (FL), where organizations perform collaborative model training on decentralized data. Despite the strong privacy guarantee, general HE…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Zhifeng Jiang , Wei Wang , Yang Liu

Homomorphic encryption enables computations on encrypted data without accessing private keys, enhancing security in cloud environments. Without this technology, updates need to be performed on-premises or require transmitting private keys…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Sefik Ilkin Serengil , Alper Ozpinar

Cryptographic schemes like Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) and Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs), while offering powerful privacy-preserving capabilities, are often hindered by their computational complexity. Polynomial multiplication, a core…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Rabimba Karanjai , Sangwon Shin , and Wujie Xiong , Xinxin Fan , Lin Chen , Tianwei Zhang , Taeweon Suh , Weidong Shi , Veronika Kuchta , Francesco Sica , Lei Xu

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables computations on encrypted data, preserving confidentiality without the need for decryption. However, FHE is often hindered by significant performance overhead, particularly for high-precision and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Chao Wang , Shubing Yang , Xiaoyan Sun , Jun Dai , Dongfang Zhao

This paper presents TT-TFHE, a deep neural network Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) framework that effectively scales Torus FHE (TFHE) usage to tabular and image datasets using a recent family of convolutional neural networks called…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Adrien Benamira , Tristan Guérand , Thomas Peyrin , Sayandeep Saha

Secure computation is of critical importance to not only the DoD, but across financial institutions, healthcare, and anywhere personally identifiable information (PII) is accessed. Traditional security techniques require data to be…

As the application of deep learning continues to grow, so does the amount of data used to make predictions. While traditionally, big-data deep learning was constrained by computing performance and off-chip memory bandwidth, a new constraint…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Brandon Reagen , Wooseok Choi , Yeongil Ko , Vincent Lee , Gu-Yeon Wei , Hsien-Hsin S. Lee , David Brooks

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows computations to be performed directly on encrypted data without needing to decrypt it first. This "encryption-in-use" feature is crucial for securely outsourcing computations in privacy-sensitive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Muhammad Husni Santriaji , Jiaqi Xue , Qian Lou , Yan Solihin

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is in the spotlight as a definitive solution for privacy, but the high computational overhead of FHE poses a challenge to its practical adoption. Although prior studies have attempted to design ASIC…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Sangpyo Kim , Jongmin Kim , Jaeyoung Choi , Jung Ho Ahn

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables privacy-preserving computation and has many applications. However, its practical implementation faces massive computation and memory overheads. To address this bottleneck, several…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Aikata Aikata , Ahmet Can Mert , Sunmin Kwon , Maxim Deryabin , Sujoy Sinha Roy

Homomorphic encryption enables arbitrary computation over data while it remains encrypted. This privacy-preserving feature is attractive for machine learning, but requires significant computational time due to the large overhead of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Edward Chou , Josh Beal , Daniel Levy , Serena Yeung , Albert Haque , Li Fei-Fei

We present the first theoretical convergence analysis of machine learning training under fully homomorphic encryption (FHE), combined with a differentially private (DP) training algorithm tailored to encrypted computation. Our approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yvonne Zhou , Mingyu Liang , Ivan Brugere , Danial Dervovic , Yue Guo , Antigoni Polychroniadou , Min Wu , Dana Dachman-Soled

Homomorphic encryption (HE) is a core building block in privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML), but HE is also widely known as its efficiency bottleneck. Therefore, many GPU-accelerated cryptographic schemes have been proposed to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yu Cui , Hang Fu , Licheng Wang , Haibin Zhang

Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (GCNs) have gained widespread popularity in various fields like personal healthcare and financial systems, due to their remarkable performance. Despite the growing demand for cloud-based GCN services,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Zhaoxuan Kan , Husheng Han , Shangyi Shi , Tenghui Hua , Hang Lu , Xiaowei Li , Jianan Mu , Xing Hu

Privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) has become increasingly important in applications where sensitive data must remain confidential. Homomorphic Encryption (HE) enables computation directly on encrypted data, allowing neural network…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Nges Brian Njungle , Eric Jahns , Michel A. Kinsy

The deployment of Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) at scale is hindered due to its heavy computational overhead. While specialized hardware accelerators like Google Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) can help, mapping complex cryptographic…

The widespread adoption of cloud-based solutions introduces privacy and security concerns. Techniques such as homomorphic encryption (HE) mitigate this problem by allowing computation over encrypted data without the need for decryption.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Mpoki Mwaisela , Joel Hari , Peterson Yuhala , Jämes Ménétrey , Pascal Felber , Valerio Schiavoni

Computation on ciphertexts of all known fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) schemes induces some noise, which, if too large, will destroy the plaintext. Therefore, the bootstrapping technique that re-encrypts a ciphertext and reduces the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Kamil Kluczniak , Leonard Schild

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables secure computation over encrypted data, but its computational cost remains a major obstacle to practical deployment. To mitigate this overhead, many studies have explored GPU acceleration for the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Ai Nozaki , Takuya Kojima , Hideki Takase , Hiroshi Nakamura

Data privacy is a significant concern when using numerical simulations for sensitive information such as medical, financial, or engineering data -- especially in untrusted environments like public cloud infrastructures. Fully homomorphic…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-25 Arseniy Kholod , Yuriy Polyakov , Michael Schlottke-Lakemper