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The zero-shot capabilities of foundation models (FMs) for time series forecasting offer promising potentials in conformal prediction, as most of the available data can be allocated to calibration. This study compares the performance of Time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Sami Achour , Yassine Bouher , Duong Nguyen , Nicolas Chesneau

Time-Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) are rapidly transitioning from research prototypes to core components of critical decision-making systems, driven by their impressive zero-shot forecasting capabilities. However, as their deployment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jiawen Zhang , Zhenwei Zhang , Shun Zheng , Xumeng Wen , Jia Li , Jiang Bian

Financial time series forecasting is central to trading, portfolio optimization, and risk management, yet it remains challenging due to noisy, non-stationary, and heterogeneous data. Recent advances in time series foundation models (TSFMs),…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-11-25 Eghbal Rahimikia , Hao Ni , Weiguan Wang

Recent progress in self-supervision shows that pre-training large neural networks on vast amounts of unsupervised data can lead to impressive increases in generalisation for downstream tasks. Such models, recently coined as foundation…

As machine learning systems are increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains such as criminal justice, finance, and healthcare, the demand for interpretable and trustworthy models has intensified. Despite the proliferation of local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 James Afful

Synthetic Time Series Generation (TSG) is crucial in a range of applications, including data augmentation, anomaly detection, and privacy preservation. Although significant strides have been made in this field, existing methods exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Yihao Ang , Qiang Huang , Yifan Bao , Anthony K. H. Tung , Zhiyong Huang

This study investigates the current landscape and future directions of protein foundation model research. While recent advancements have transformed protein science and engineering, the field lacks a comprehensive benchmark for fair…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-19 Zhangyang Gao , Hao Wang , Cheng Tan , Chenrui Xu , Mengdi Liu , Bozhen Hu , Linlin Chao , Xiaoming Zhang , Stan Z. Li

Time series foundational models (TSFM) have gained prominence in time series forecasting, promising state-of-the-art performance across various applications. However, their application in anomaly detection and prediction remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Chathurangi Shyalika , Harleen Kaur Bagga , Ahan Bhatt , Renjith Prasad , Alaa Al Ghazo , Amit Sheth

In this paper, we introduce PredBench, a benchmark tailored for the holistic evaluation of spatio-temporal prediction networks. Despite significant progress in this field, there remains a lack of a standardized framework for a detailed and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 ZiDong Wang , Zeyu Lu , Di Huang , Tong He , Xihui Liu , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai

The evaluation of time series forecasting models is hindered by a lack of high-quality benchmarks, leading to overestimated assessments of progress. Existing datasets suffer from issues ranging from small-scale, low-frequency, pre-training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zhijian Xu , Wanxu Cai , Xilin Dai , Zhaorong Deng , Qiang Xu

Time series foundation models (TSFMs) are increasingly being adopted as highly-capable general-purpose time series representation learners. Although their training corpora are vast, they exclude astronomical time series data. Observations…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-19 Weijian Li , Hong-Yu Chen , Nabeel Rehemtulla , Ved G. Shah , Dennis Wu , Dongho Kim , Qinjie Lin , Adam A. Miller , Han Liu

Time series analysis is crucial for understanding dynamics of complex systems. Recent advances in foundation models have led to task-agnostic Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) and Large Language Model-based Time Series Models (TSLLMs),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Xu Liu , Taha Aksu , Juncheng Liu , Qingsong Wen , Yuxuan Liang , Caiming Xiong , Silvio Savarese , Doyen Sahoo , Junnan Li , Chenghao Liu

Recent progress in self-supervision has shown that pre-training large neural networks on vast amounts of unsupervised data can lead to substantial increases in generalization to downstream tasks. Such models, recently coined foundation…

Time-series forecasting is an essential task with wide real-world applications across domains. While recent advances in deep learning have enabled time-series forecasting models with accurate predictions, there remains considerable debate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Zhiyuan Zhao , Juntong Ni , Shangqing Xu , Haoxin Liu , Wei Jin , B. Aditya Prakash

Time-series forecasting models (TSFM) have evolved from classical statistical methods to sophisticated foundation models, yet understanding why and when these models succeed or fail remains challenging. Despite this known limitation, time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Michael Widener , Kausik Lakkaraju , John Aydin , Biplav Srivastava

Time series question-answering (TSQA), in which we ask natural language questions to infer and reason about properties of time series, is a promising yet underexplored capability of foundation models. In this work, we present ARFBench, a…

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to the development of benchmarks that consider temporal dynamics, however, there remains a gap in understanding how well these models can generalize across temporal contexts due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Chenghao Zhu , Nuo Chen , Yufei Gao , Yunyi Zhang , Prayag Tiwari , Benyou Wang

This study investigates zero-shot forecasting capabilities of Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) for macroeconomic indicators. We apply TSFMs to forecasting economic indicators under univariate conditions, bypassing the need for train…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Jittarin Jetwiriyanon , Teo Susnjak , Surangika Ranathunga

Foundation models have revolutionized artificial intelligence, setting new benchmarks in performance and enabling transformative capabilities across a wide range of vision and language tasks. However, despite the prevalence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Adam Goodge , Wee Siong Ng , Bryan Hooi , See Kiong Ng

Foundation models have achieved remarkable success in natural language processing and computer vision, demonstrating strong capabilities in modeling complex patterns. While recent efforts have explored adapting large language models (LLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Changlu Chen , Yanbin Liu , Chaoxi Niu , Ling Chen , Tianqing Zhu