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The remarkable performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) has inspired many applications, which often necessitate edge-cloud collaboration due to connectivity, privacy, and cost considerations. Traditional methods primarily focus on…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Prasoon Patidar , Alex Crown , Kevin Hsieh , Yifei Xu , Tusher Chakraborty , Ranveer Chandra , Yuvraj Agarwal

Analog Computing-in-Memory (ACIM) is an emerging architecture to perform efficient AI edge computing. However, current ACIM designs usually have unscalable topology and still heavily rely on manual efforts. These drawbacks limit the ACIM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Haoyi Zhang , Jiahao Song , Xiaohan Gao , Xiyuan Tang , Yibo Lin , Runsheng Wang , Ru Huang

Compute-in-Read-Only-Memory (CiROM) accelerators offer outstanding energy efficiency for CNNs by eliminating runtime weight updates. However, their scalability to Large Language Models (LLMs) is fundamentally constrained by their vast…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Wenlun Zhang , Xinyu Li , Shimpei Ando , Kentaro Yoshioka

Transposed Convolutions (TCONV) enable the up-scaling mechanism within generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) models. However, the predominant Input-Oriented Mapping (IOM) method for implementing TCONV has complex output mapping,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Jude Haris , José Cano

In this letter, we propose an energy-efficient split learning (SL) framework for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) using geo-distributed personal data at the network edge, where LLMs are split and alternately across massive mobile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Zuguang Li , Shaohua Wu , Liang Li , Songge Zhang

We present CoSense-LLM, an edge-first framework that turns continuous multimodal sensor streams (for example Wi-Fi CSI, IMU, audio, RFID, and lightweight vision) into compact, verifiable semantic tokens and coordinates with large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Hasan Akgul , Mari Eplik , Javier Rojas , Aina Binti Abdullah , Pieter van der Merwe

Mixture of Experts (MoE) LLMs, characterized by their sparse activation patterns, offer a promising approach to scaling language models while avoiding proportionally increasing the inference cost. However, their large parameter sizes…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yichao Yuan , Lin Ma , Nishil Talati

In recent years, the development of smart edge computing systems to process information locally is on the rise. Many near-sensor machine learning (ML) approaches have been implemented to introduce accurate and energy efficient template…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Kieran Woodward , Eiman Kanjo , Georgios Papandroulidakis , Shady Agwa , Themis Prodromakis

Large model inference is shifting from cloud to edge due to concerns about the privacy of user interaction data. However, edge devices often struggle with limited computing power, memory, and bandwidth, requiring collaboration across…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Zonghang Li , Wenjiao Feng , Mohsen Guizani , Hongfang Yu

Modern large language models (LLMs) driven by scaling laws, achieve intelligence emergency in large model sizes. Recently, the increasing concerns about cloud costs, latency, and privacy make it an urgent requirement to develop compact edge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Xingrun Xing , Zheng Liu , Shitao Xiao , Boyan Gao , Yiming Liang , Wanpeng Zhang , Haokun Lin , Guoqi Li , Jiajun Zhang

Recent research efforts focus on reducing the computational and memory overheads of Large Language Models (LLMs) to make them feasible on resource-constrained devices. Despite advancements in compression techniques, non-linear operators…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Mariam Rakka , Jinhao Li , Guohao Dai , Ahmed Eltawil , Mohammed E. Fouda , Fadi Kurdahi

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of language processing tasks. However, this success comes at the cost of substantial computation and memory requirements, which significantly impedes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Fen-Yu Hsieh , Yun-Chang Teng , Ding-Yong Hong , Jan-Jan Wu

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized code completion, transforming it into a more intelligent and context-aware feature in modern integrated development environments. These advancements have significantly enhanced…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Hang Zhang , Yanxin Shen , Lun Wang , Chuanqi Shi , Shaoshuai Du , Yiyi Tao , Yixian Shen

Deep neural networks (DNNs) face significant challenges when deployed on resource-constrained extreme edge devices due to their computational and data-intensive nature. While standalone accelerators tailored for specific application…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Xiaoling Yi , Ryan Antonio , Joren Dumoulin , Jiacong Sun , Josse Van Delm , Guilherme Paim , Marian Verhelst

Large language model (LLM) inference often suffers from high decoding latency and limited scalability across heterogeneous edge-cloud environments. Existing speculative decoding (SD) techniques accelerate token generation but remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Fengze Yu , Leshu Li , Brad McDanel , Sai Qian Zhang

Processing-in-DRAM (DRAM-PIM) has emerged as a promising technology for accelerating memory-intensive operations in modern applications, such as Large Language Models (LLMs). Despite its potential, current software stacks for DRAM-PIM face…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yongwon Shin , Dookyung Kang , Hyojin Sung

A lot of recent progress has been made in ultra low-bit quantization, promising significant improvements in latency, memory footprint and energy consumption on edge devices. Quantization methods such as Learned Step Size Quantization can…

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing but face critical deployment challenges in device-edge systems due to resource limitations and communication overhead. To address these issues, collaborative…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-18 Jiahong Ning , Ce Zheng , Tingting Yang

This article surveys Cognitive Edge Computing as a practical and methodical pathway for deploying reasoning-capable Large Language Models (LLMs) and autonomous AI agents on resource-constrained devices at the network edge. We present a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Xubin Wang , Qing Li , Weijia Jia

This work introduces MICSim, an open-source, pre-circuit simulator designed for early-stage evaluation of chip-level software performance and hardware overhead of mixed-signal compute-in-memory (CIM) accelerators. MICSim features a modular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Cong Wang , Zeming Chen , Shanshi Huang
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