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Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly trained to support very large context windows. We present Compactor, a training-free, query-agnostic KV compression strategy that uses approximate leverage scores to determine token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Vivek Chari , Benjamin Van Durme

In this work we show that the size versus accuracy trade-off of neural network quantization can be significantly improved by increasing the quantization dimensionality. We propose the GPTVQ method, a new fast method for post-training vector…

Quantization is a powerful tool for accelerating large language model (LLM) inference, but the accuracy-performance trade-offs across different formats remain unclear. In this paper, we conduct the most comprehensive empirical study to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Eldar Kurtic , Alexandre Marques , Shubhra Pandit , Mark Kurtz , Dan Alistarh

Compressing high-capability Large Language Models (LLMs) has emerged as a favored strategy for resource-efficient inferences. While state-of-the-art (SoTA) compression methods boast impressive advancements in preserving benign task…

We study KV cache eviction under a shared globally capped decode-time harness. Seven policies (LRU, H2O, SnapKV, StreamingLLM, Ada-KV, QUEST, Random) share a prompt-boundary vulnerability: without structural protection, they collapse to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Gabriel Garcia

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency across a wide range of tasks. However, LLMs often require larger batch sizes to enhance throughput or longer context lengths to meet task demands, which significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Zhihang Cai , Xingjun Zhang , Zhendong Tan , Zheng Wei

Deep Neural Networks reached state-of-the-art performance across numerous domains, but this progress has come at the cost of increasingly large and over-parameterized models, posing serious challenges for deployment on resource-constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Dario Malchiodi , Mattia Ferraretto , Marco Frasca

The Key-Value (KV) cache is crucial for efficient Large Language Models (LLMs) inference, but excessively long contexts drastically increase KV cache memory footprint. Existing KV cache compression methods typically rely on input-side…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Zhenxu Tian , Yi Su , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

Large language models rely on kv-caches to avoid redundant computation during autoregressive decoding, but as context length grows, reading and writing the cache can quickly saturate GPU memory bandwidth. Recent work has explored KV-cache…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jian Chen , Zhuoran Wang , Jiayu Qin , Ming Li , Meng Wang , Changyou Chen , Yin Chen , Qizhen Weng , Yirui Liu

Large language models (LLMs) can now handle longer sequences of tokens, enabling complex tasks like book understanding and generating lengthy novels. However, the key-value (KV) cache required for LLMs consumes substantial memory as context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Haojie Duanmu , Zhihang Yuan , Xiuhong Li , Jiangfei Duan , Xingcheng Zhang , Dahua Lin

Multi-agent LLM systems on edge devices face a memory management problem: device RAM is too small to hold every agent's KV cache simultaneously. On Apple M4 Pro with 10.2 GB of cache budget, only 3 agents fit at 8K context in FP16. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yakov Pyotr Shkolnikov

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in generating text, images, and video content. However, as context length grows, the computational cost of attention increases quadratically with the number of tokens,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Neusha Javidnia , Bita Darvish Rouhani , Farinaz Koushanfar

Quantization reduces the numerical precision of Transformer computations and is widely used to accelerate inference, yet its effect on expressivity remains poorly characterized. We demonstrate a fine-grained theoretical tradeoff between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Sayak Chakrabarti , Toniann Pitassi , Josh Alman

Quantization addresses the high resource demand for large language models (LLMs) by alleviating memory pressure and bandwidth congestion and providing significantly scaled compute power with a tolerable impact on accuracy. Four-bit floating…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Musa Cim , Burak Topcu , Mahmut Taylan Kandemir

Large language models (LLMs) now support context windows exceeding 128K tokens, but this comes with significant memory requirements and high inference latency. Quantization can mitigate these costs, but may degrade performance. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Anmol Mekala , Anirudh Atmakuru , Yixiao Song , Marzena Karpinska , Mohit Iyyer

We propose novel attention architectures, Multi-matrix Factorization Attention (MFA) and MFA-Key-Reuse (MFA-KR). Existing variants for standard Multi-Head Attention (MHA), including SOTA methods like MLA, fail to maintain as strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Jingcheng Hu , Houyi Li , Yinmin Zhang , Zili Wang , Shuigeng Zhou , Xiangyu Zhang , Heung-Yeung Shum , Daxin Jiang

Large language models have achieved significant advancements in complex mathematical reasoning benchmarks, such as MATH. However, their substantial computational requirements present challenges for practical deployment. Model quantization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Zhen Li , Yupeng Su , Runming Yang , Congkai Xie , Zheng Wang , Zhongwei Xie , Ngai Wong , Hongxia Yang

Recent advancements in reasoning language models have demonstrated remarkable performance in complex tasks, but their extended chain-of-thought reasoning process increases inference overhead. While quantization has been widely adopted to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Ruikang Liu , Yuxuan Sun , Manyi Zhang , Haoli Bai , Xianzhi Yu , Tiezheng Yu , Chun Yuan , Lu Hou

Reasoning models excel at complex tasks such as coding and mathematics, yet their inference is often slow and token-inefficient. To improve the inference efficiency, post-training quantization (PTQ) usually comes with the cost of large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Keyu Lv , Manyi Zhang , Xiaobo Xia , Jingchen Ni , Shannan Yan , Xianzhi Yu , Lu Hou , Chun Yuan , Haoli Bai

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown strong reasoning ability, but their high computational and memory costs hinder deployment in resource-constrained settings. While Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) and vision token pruning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Xinhao Wang , Zhonyu Xia , Zhiwei Lin , Zhe Li , Yongtao Wang
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