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Implicit feedback, employed in training recommender systems, unavoidably confronts noise due to factors such as misclicks and position bias. Previous studies have attempted to identify noisy samples through their diverged data patterns,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Tianrui Song , Wen-Shuo Chao , Hao Liu

Considering the limited internal parametric knowledge, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been widely used to extend the knowledge scope of large language models (LLMs). Despite the extensive efforts on RAG research, in existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Yuhao Wang , Ruiyang Ren , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jing Liu , Ji-Rong Wen

This resource paper addresses the challenge of evaluating Information Retrieval (IR) systems in the era of autoregressive Large Language Models (LLMs). Traditional methods relying on passage-level judgments are no longer effective due to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Laura Dietz

Hard negative sampling improves recommendation performance by accelerating convergence and sharpening the decision boundary. However, most existing methods rely on heuristic strategies, selecting negatives from a fixed candidate pool.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Chu Zhao , Enneng Yang , Yuting Liu , Jianzhe Zhao , Guibing Guo

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit enhanced capabilities in language understanding and generation. By utilizing their embedded knowledge, LLMs are increasingly used as conversational recommender systems (CRS), achieving improved…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zhenrui Yue , Honglei Zhuang , Zhen Qin , Zhankui He , Huimin Zeng , Julian McAuley , Dong Wang

Large Language Model (LLM) based listwise ranking has shown superior performance in many passage ranking tasks. With the development of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), many studies have demonstrated that step-by-step reasoning during…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Wenhan Liu , Xinyu Ma , Weiwei Sun , Yutao Zhu , Yuchen Li , Dawei Yin , Zhicheng Dou

With the development of large language models (LLMs), zero-shot learning has attracted much attention for various NLP tasks. Different from prior works that generate training data with billion-scale natural language generation (NLG) models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Yue Yu , Yuchen Zhuang , Rongzhi Zhang , Yu Meng , Jiaming Shen , Chao Zhang

Training effective dense retrieval models typically relies on hard negative (HN) examples mined from large document corpora using methods such as BM25 or cross-encoders, which require full corpus access and expensive index construction. We…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Aarush Sinha

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in document re-ranking, a key component in modern Information Retrieval (IR) systems. However, existing LLM-based approaches face notable limitations, including ranking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Pinhuan Wang , Zhiqiu Xia , Chunhua Liao , Feiyi Wang , Hang Liu

Neural Encoders are frequently used in the NLP domain to perform dense retrieval tasks, for instance, to generate the candidate documents for a given query in question-answering tasks. However, sparse annotation and label noise in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Arnab Sharma

In open-domain Question Answering (QA), dense retrieval is crucial for finding relevant passages for answer generation. Typically, contrastive learning is used to train a retrieval model that maps passages and queries to the same semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Shiqi Wang , Yeqin Zhang , Cam-Tu Nguyen

Dense passage retrieval (DPR) is the first step in the retrieval augmented generation (RAG) paradigm for improving the performance of large language models (LLM). DPR fine-tunes pre-trained networks to enhance the alignment of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Benjamin Reichman , Larry Heck

Agentic Reinforcement Learning (RL) has empowered Large Language Models (LLMs) to utilize tools like Python interpreters for complex problem-solving. However, for parameter-constrained models (e.g., 4B--7B), the exploration phase is often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Tianshi Xu , Yuteng Chen , Meng Li

In a number of information retrieval applications (e.g., patent search, literature review, due diligence, etc.), preventing false negatives is more important than preventing false positives. However, approaches designed to reduce review…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Timo Kats , Peter van der Putten , Jan Scholtes

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) excel at comprehending human instructions and demonstrate remarkable results across a broad spectrum of tasks. Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and AI Feedback (RLAIF) further refine LLMs by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Ju-Seung Byun , Jiyun Chun , Jihyung Kil , Andrew Perrault

Modern knowledge-intensive systems, such as retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), rely on effective retrievers to establish the performance ceiling for downstream modules. However, retriever training has been bottlenecked by sparse,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Benben Wang , Minghao Tang , Hengran Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Keping Bi

In high-complexity abstract reasoning, a system must infer a latent rule from a few examples or structured observations and apply it to unseen instances. LLMs can express such rules as programs, but ordinary conversation-based refinement is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yu-Ning Qiu , Lin-Feng Zou , Jiong-Da Wang , Xue-Rong Yuan , Wang-Zhou Dai

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a standard approach for enhancing large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge, mitigating hallucinations, and improving factuality. However, existing systems rely on generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Ha Lan N. T , Minh-Anh Nguyen , Dung D. Le

It is an effective way that improves the performance of the existing Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems by retraining with more and more new training data in the target domain. Recently, Deep Neural Network (DNN) has become a…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Jiabin Xue , Jiqing Han , Tieran Zheng , Jiaxing Guo , Boyong Wu

Abstractive compression utilizes smaller langauge models to condense query-relevant context, reducing computational costs in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). However,retrieved documents often include information that is either…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Singon Kim , Gunho Jung , Seong-Whan Lee