English

Latent Abstraction for Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Computation and Language 2026-05-08 v2 Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a standard approach for enhancing large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge, mitigating hallucinations, and improving factuality. However, existing systems rely on generating natural language queries at each hop and maintaining a strict architectural separation between retriever and generator, preventing them from leveraging the full representational capacity of the LLM. We propose \textbf{LAnR} (Latent Abstraction for RAG), a unified framework in which a single LLM jointly performs encoding, retrieval, and generation entirely within its own latent space. Rather than generating textual queries, LAnR produces dense retrieval vectors from the hidden states of a designated \texttt{[PRED]} token and uses them to match against encoded document representations from the same model. Furthermore, LAnR adaptively decides when sufficient evidence has been retrieved using a lightweight MLP control head over those same hidden states, eliminating both the separate retriever and explicit token-level stopping reasoning. This design is motivated by our empirical observation that answer token entropy reliably signals retrieval sufficiency. Extensive experiments on six QA benchmarks spanning single-hop and multi-hop settings demonstrate that LAnR outperforms existing RAG methods, while achieving improved inference efficiency through reduced number of retrieval calls and tighter model integration.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2604.17866,
  title  = {Latent Abstraction for Retrieval-Augmented Generation},
  author = {Ha Lan N. T and Minh-Anh Nguyen and Dung D. Le},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.17866},
  year   = {2026}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T12:17:43.281Z