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Anomaly detection (AD) plays a crucial role in various domains, including cybersecurity, finance, and healthcare, by identifying patterns or events that deviate from normal behaviour. In recent years, significant progress has been made in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Hadi Hojjati , Thi Kieu Khanh Ho , Narges Armanfard

Recent advancements in reasoning capability of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate its effectiveness in tackling complex visual tasks. However, existing MLLM-based Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) methods remain limited to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chao Huang , Benfeng Wang , Jie Wen , Chengliang Liu , Wei Wang , Li Shen , Xiaochun Cao

Anomaly detection on text-rich graphs is widely prevalent in real life, such as detecting incorrectly assigned academic papers to authors and detecting bots in social networks. The remarkable capabilities of large language models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Yunhe Pang , Bo Chen , Fanjin Zhang , Yanghui Rao , Evgeny Kharlamov , Jie Tang

Time series are ubiquitous and occur naturally in a variety of applications -- from data recorded by sensors in manufacturing processes, over financial data streams to climate data. Different tasks arise, such as regression, classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Sebastian Wette , Florian Heinrichs

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) aims to localize abnormal events on the timeline of long-range surveillance videos. Anomaly-scoring-based methods have been prevailing for years but suffer from the high complexity of thresholding and low…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Hui Lv , Qianru Sun

Benefiting from generalizability of vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP, many zero-/few-shot anomaly detection (AD) approaches have achieved impressive detection performance across various datasets. Nevertheless, they require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yi Zhang , Jiawen Zhu , Lele Fu , Guansong Pang

Industrial Anomaly Detection (IAD) is critical for ensuring product quality by identifying defects. Traditional methods such as feature embedding and reconstruction-based approaches require large datasets and struggle with scalability.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Peijian Zeng , Feiyan Pang , Zhanbo Wang , Aimin Yang

In this era of technological advancements, several cutting-edge techniques are being implemented to enhance Autonomous Driving (AD) systems, focusing on improving safety, efficiency, and adaptability in complex driving environments.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Md Robiul Islam

Unsupervised multivariate time series anomaly detection (UMTSAD) plays a critical role in various domains, including finance, networks, and sensor systems. In recent years, due to the outstanding performance of deep learning in general…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Tiange Huang , Yongjun Li

Zero-shot 3D (ZS-3D) anomaly detection aims to identify defects in 3D objects without relying on labeled training data, making it especially valuable in scenarios constrained by data scarcity, privacy, or high annotation cost. However, most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Gang Li , Tianjiao Chen , Mingle Zhou , Min Li , Delong Han , Jin Wan

Although recent methods have tried to introduce large multimodal models (LMMs) into industrial anomaly detection (IAD), their generalization in the IAD field is far inferior to that for general purposes. We summarize the main reasons for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Yuanze Li , Shihao Yuan , Haolin Wang , Qizhang Li , Ming Liu , Chen Xu , Guangming Shi , Wangmeng Zuo

Automatic vision inspection holds significant importance in industry inspection. While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) exhibit strong language understanding capabilities and hold promise for this task, their performance remains…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Kai Zhang , Zekai Zhang , Xihe Sun , Anpeng Wang , Jingmeng Nie , Qinghui Chen , Han Hao , Jianyuan Guo , Jinglin Zhang

Anomaly detection (AD) aims to identify defective images and localize their defects (if any). Ideally, AD models should be able to detect defects over many image classes; without relying on hard-coded class names that can be uninformative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Chih-Hui Ho , Kuan-Chuan Peng , Nuno Vasconcelos

Anomaly detection (AD) aims at detecting abnormal samples that deviate from the expected normal patterns. Generally, it can be trained merely on normal data, without a requirement for abnormal samples, and thereby plays an important role in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Yu Cai , Weiwen Zhang , Hao Chen , Kwang-Ting Cheng

Prototype-based reconstruction methods for unsupervised anomaly detection utilize a limited set of learnable prototypes which only aggregates insufficient normal information, resulting in undesirable reconstruction. However, increasing the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Ziqing Zhou , Yurui Pan , Lidong Wang , Wenbing Zhu , Mingmin Chi , Dong Wu , Bo Peng

Recent video anomaly detection research has expanded rapidly with an emphasis on general models of normality intended to work across many different scenes. While this focus has led to improvements in scalability and multi-scene…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Furkan Mumcu , Michael J. Jones , Anoop Cherian , Yasin Yilmaz

The Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) is currently experiencing rapid growth, driven by the advanced capabilities of LLMs. Unlike earlier specialists, existing MLLMs are evolving towards a Multimodal Generalist paradigm. Initially…

In practice, machine learning methods commonly require anomaly detection (AD) to filter inputs or detect distributional shifts. Typically, this is implemented by running a separate AD model alongside the primary model. However, this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Luca Hinkamp , Simon Klüttermann , Emmanuel Müller

In this paper, we introduce Masked Anomaly Detection (MAD), a general self-supervised learning task for multivariate time series anomaly detection. With the increasing availability of sensor data from industrial systems, being able to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Yiwei Fu , Feng Xue

Visual anomaly detection aims to identify anomalous regions in images through unsupervised learning paradigms, with increasing application demand and value in fields such as industrial inspection and medical lesion detection. Despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jiangning Zhang , Haoyang He , Zhenye Gan , Qingdong He , Yuxuan Cai , Zhucun Xue , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang , Lei Xie , Yong Liu